基於循序旋轉設計之雙圓極化Ka-頻段衛星通訊收發天線陣列

本論文提出一款操作於Ka頻段之雙圓極化循序陣列天線，以碎形殘段式3 dB支路耦合器探針饋入正方形微帶平板天線完成雙圓極化天線單元，進而應用兩階層循序旋轉技巧完成縮形化雙圓極化循序陣列設計。我們重新安排了循序旋轉的順序，讓左旋及右旋圓極化的饋線不會有任何的交錯，使最後的設計只需一層電路饋線即可完成饋入。研究成果可分成兩個部分。第一部份以多階層式單圓極化循序陣列先驗證循序旋轉技巧對於軸比頻寬拓展有顯著之成效。實體旋轉相位採0°、90°、180°及270°之構成2×2子陣列天線，配合串聯式饋入電路可完成循序陣列縮形設計之標的。傳統設計使用兩階層循序旋轉，但天線陣列達128單元或更多天線單元之大型陣列時，每一次的向上增添輻射體數目及饋入網路所造成的不連續面多重反射，將使得遠離中心頻後於天線寬邊輻射方向上觀測之電波極化逐漸變成橢圓極化波，且交叉極化亦向上攀升並降低極化隔離度。由理論分析、全波模擬與量測結果可知，從2×2子天線陣列至128單元陣列共使用4次循序旋轉技巧，發射天線的軸比頻寬從2.96 %拓展至34.48 %，接收天線亦有相同結果，軸比頻寬從2.26 %拓展至大於34.48 %，由此證實多階層式的循序旋轉技巧確實可有效的增加軸比頻寬且維持軸比頻率響應之平坦程度。第二部分著重於設計單層饋線之雙圓極化循序陣列天線，基於單圓極化循序陣列之良好特性，將多層式循序旋轉技巧應用至雙圓極化陣列設計，套用兩階層循序旋轉可獲得更加平坦化之軸比頻率響應。饋入設計除了單層無跨線之外，為使天線結構保有緊縮特性，本論文使用了碎形傳輸線與殘段匹配等效傳輸線完成繞線，大幅降低繞線複雜度。量測結果所得之軸比具有良好的頻寬特性。

關鍵字

衛星通訊； Ka頻段；近似正方形微帶平板天線；雙圓極化天線陣列；循序旋轉技巧；碎形傳輸線；殘段匹配等效傳輸線；多層微波基板

並列摘要

In this thesis, a Ka-band dual-circular polarization sequential antenna array design is proposed. The dual-circular polarization antenna element is a square microstrip patch antenna using dual probe-fed. In order to generate circular polarized wave, a compact 3 dB branch line coupler is used. Both microstrip lines with fractal design and open stub matched transmission line are applied to the propose dual-circular polarization sequential antenna array to minimize coupler size. In generally, sequential design can be used to maintain wide-band axial ratio response. The 128 elements single polarized sequential array which has a return loss better than 10 dB in operation frequency band is realized. Besides, the antenna radiation patterns and wide axial ratio bandwidth are similar to simulation results. To maintain good axial ratio, the proposed dual-circular polarization sequential antenna array employs two-layer sequential rotation technique. A 4×4 sequential array is proposed to demonstrate single layer feeding structure for dual-circular polarization without any crossover. The measurement results show that two-layer sequential rotation can achieve good axial ratio. Due to its compact size and planar construction, the proposed dual-circular polarization sequential antenna array is suitable for mobile satellite communication.

並列關鍵字

satellite communication ； Ka-band, nearly square patch antenna ； dual-circular polarization antenna array ； sequential rotation technique ； fractal-shape transmission line ； open stub matched transmission line ； multi-layer substrate

參考文獻

[5]Aixin Chen, Chuo Yang, Zhizhang Chen, Yanjun Zhang, and Yingyi He, “Design of multilevel sequential rotation feeding networks used for circularly polarized microstrip antenna arrays,” International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 2012, Article ID 304816, 10 pages, July 2012.

[3]H. Zhou and F. Aryanfar, "A planar Ka-band phased array with configurable polarizations," 2013 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APS), Orlando, FL, pp. 1638-1639, Jan. 2013.

[4]A. Chen, Y. Zhang, Z. Chen, and C. Yang, “Development of a Ka-band wideband circularly polarized 64-element microstrip antenna array with double application of the sequential rotation feeding technique,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagation Letter, vol. 10, pp. 1270–1273, Oct. 2011.

[6]Daniele Inserra, Wei Hu, and Guangjun Wen, “Design of a microstrip series power divider for sequentially rotated nonuniform antenna array,” International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 2017, Article ID 9482979, 8 pages, 2017.

[7]A. Garcia-Aguilar, J. M. Inclan-Alonso, L. Vigil-Herrero, J. M. Fernandez-Gonzalez and M. Sierra-Perez, "Low-profile dual circularly polarized antenna array for satellite communications in the X band," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 2276-2284, May 2012.

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基於循序旋轉設計之雙圓極化Ka-頻段衛星通訊收發天線陣列

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