本研究有兩大主題,一為分析台灣的股票、政府公債、黃金、房地產與定期存款在長期持有下的報酬率與風險變化,並以夏普指標比較各投資工具在不同持有期間下的投資績效。另一研究主題為以台股指數、道瓊工業指數、日經指數以及英國富時指數建立國際投資組合,根據效率前緣和資本市場線找出最適投資組合,並以夏普指標和單一國家投資組合做投資績效之比較,確立國際投資組合之存在價值。 本研究蒐集各投資工具的歷史資料,並建立適切的衡量指標,以計算投資風險和報酬率。其中為了要將台灣加權指數加入股利再投資的影響,以及估計房地產的價值,歷史資料的取得與整理耗費許多時間。主要研究發現如下: 1. 從1967年至2008年之四十一年期間,所有投資工具的報酬率變異程度隨著持有期間的拉長而逐年下降,證實了時間分散風險效果。其中股票的報酬率變異程度在長期持有下降低最明顯,時間分散風險效果最佳。 2. 以夏普指標做為衡量標準,在各個持有期間下,每承擔一單位的風險,投資股票都可以得到最大的額外報酬,其次依次為房地產、政府公債、定期存款和黃金。而且隨著持有期間拉長,股票的夏普指數成長幅度最為明顯。綜述以上兩點,長期持有股票為不錯的投資策略。 3. 以夏普指標做為衡量標準,國際投資組合的投資績效優於投資單一國家之投資組合,證實前者有較佳的風險分散效果。其中根據效率前緣和資本市場線找出的最適投資組合,每承擔一單位的風險,可得到最大的額外報酬。建議投資人可以根據個人的風險偏好,投資於不同國家。
There are two main purposes in this study. One is empirically analyzing the risks and returns of stocks, government bonds, gold, real estate, and time deposit in Taiwan over various holding periods to compare their performances. The other one is constructing an international portfolio of TAIEX, DJIA, Nikkei 225, and FTSE 100, finding the optimal portfolio, and comparing the performance of investing internationally to that of investing domestically to examine whether international portfolios can dominate domestic portfolios. To incorporate the effect of cash dividend reinvestment into TAIEX and estimate the value of real estate, it took a lot of time and efforts for us to collect and organize the historical data of cash dividend and real estate. The three major findings of this study are as follows: I. From 1967 to 2008, the volatility of each asset decreases as investment horizon increases, which verifies the time diversification effect. And the volatility of stocks declines most rapidly in the long run. II. The Sharp Indices of stocks in each holding period are the highest and increase dramatically with investment horizon extending. This implies that stock is the optimal investment regardless of holding interval and investors can invest in stocks with buy-and-hold strategy in the long run to earn long-term profits. III. Measured by the Sharp Index, the performance of international portfolios is better than that of domestic portfolios. Investors can construct portfolios with international investments according to their risk preference.