透過您的圖書館登入
IP:18.117.76.7
  • 學位論文

行政處分「陳述意見」之研究 —案例分析與法制檢討—

A study of Informal Administrative Adjudication Procedure -cases and legal analysis-

指導教授 : 湯德宗

摘要


有鑑於行政程序法制之潮流—透過「程序控制」之導向,一方面藉此提高行政決定之正確性及妥適性;另一方面著眼於事前預防勝於事後治療,故「程序」的重要性乃不言可喻。本文即以行政機關作成不利處分前應予人民「陳述意見」,作為研究重心。本文的行文脈絡,將先就「陳述意見」的整體態樣進行瞭解,乃藉由觀察與比較德國、日本、美國以及我國的相關規定,找出「陳述意見」的共同特徵,以便初步掌握「陳述意見」的輪廓,並藉此發現其中的重點。經由上述的歸納分析後,將可發現是項制度有以下部分,具有討論之實益:「何時」應予陳述意見之機會;陳述意見「程序」;違反該程序的效果。 首先,「何時應予陳述意見之機會」部分,由於現代之行政,不僅著重效能,且須注意公平,行政程序需兼顧維護人民權益與提高行政之效率。因此,對於行政機關是否應予人民陳述意見之機會,我國採「原則—例外」之規定方式,即行政機關作成「不利處分前」,「原則上」應給予人民陳述意見之機會,「例外」始不予之。惟過多的例外規定,容易架空原則之適用,究竟「陳述意見」的適用情形如何,本文認為有深入探究之必要。 其次,「陳述意見程序」,此乃針對陳述意見之落實有密切關係之程序進行說明。為確實達到陳述意見的目的,最起碼的程序要求應有「預告」、「閱覽卷宗」、「陳述意見」及「說明理由義務」。「預告」與「閱覽卷宗」都是為了有效行使陳述意見;「陳述意見」係強調無論何種方式都要使處分當事人能夠對其不利之指控進行辯駁;「說明理由義務」係為確保陳述意見被聽見,並藉此檢視行政機關的決定有無違誤。此處之重點,乃對「程序設計」之檢討,因為其對制度的發展有重大影響。 最後,若沒有違反之效果,一切的程序控制,會有落空之可能,因此需針對「違反效果」一併說明。我國對於程序的違反,多認為得以「補正」治癒該瑕疵,此將造成行政機關不太重視「程序的遵守」,實有商榷之必要。 本研究的主要內容,乃針對上面所述之三大議題一一進行分析,試著從行政程序法的規定(行政程序法第102∼106條),與實務(行政、司法)運作之情形中,找出其中的問題,並希望能藉由學理或外國法的觀點,對相關問題提出合適與可行之修正建議。

並列摘要


This paper first introduces overall status of “Representation” and finds out common characteristics by observing and comparing related provisions of Germany, Japan, the United States and Taiwan so as to initially find out profile of “statement of opinions” and the important points. The above summary and analysis indicates that this system consists of the following parts: “when opportunity shall be given to state opinions”; “procedure of stating opinions” and “consequences of violating the procedure”. First, as for “when opportunity shall be given to state opinions”, Statute adopts the method of “principle-exception”, before making an unfavorable decision, administrative authorities shall in principle give the people the opportunity to state opinions and don’t have to give such opportunity in exceptional cases. However, too many exceptions will render the principle inapplicable. Secondly, “procedure of stating opinions” is closely related to actual statement of opinions. For actually realizing purposes of representation, the minimum requirements about procedure shall be “prior notice”; “reading case files”; “statement of opinions”; “duty to give reasons”. The important task here is to reflect on procedure design which plays a significant role in development of the system. Finally, process control needs to be described together with “consequences of violating the procedure”. In Taiwan, breach of procedure is caused by the view that violating procedure can correct and remove the defects. It is really questionable because it may make administrative authorities attach less importance to obedience of procedure. From the above three subjects, the study try to find out problems from the provisions of the Administrative Procedural Law (Articles 102~106) and its practical operation (administrative and judicial), hope to put forward appropriate and viable suggestions on the related problems by virtue of theories or viewpoints of foreign laws.

參考文獻


蔡秀卿,《現代國家與行政法》,(台北:學林,2003年6月1版)。
蘇宏杰,《從正當法律程序看行政處分聽證之問題》,臺灣大學法律學研究所碩士論文(2005年1月)。
蔡穎瑩,《論我國行政程序法聽證制度之建構-以美國法為比較基礎》,臺北大學法律學系研究所碩士論文(2008年7月)。
ASIMOW, MICHAEL, BONFIELD, ARTHUR EARL & LEVIN, RONALD M., STATE AND FEDERAL ADMINISTRATIVE LAW (2nd ed, 1998).
PIERCE, JR., RICHARD J., SHAPIRO, SIDNEY A. & VERKUIL, PAUL R., ADMINISTRATIVE LAW AND PROCESS (4th ed, 2004).

延伸閱讀