燃煤火力發電廠周遭地區之空氣污染及兒童尿中1-羥基芘濃度評估研究

Assessment of air pollution and children’s urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene levels surrounding a coal-fired power plant

詹昀融(Yun-Jung Chan)

指導教授 ： 詹長權

國立臺灣大學/公共衛生學院/職業醫學與工業衛生研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2010.02968

摘要

背景：根據國內外相關的文獻指出，燃煤火力發電廠在生產的過程中皆會排放許多空氣污染物質，但對於燃煤火力發電廠的影響，從歷年的趨勢變化至居民生物偵測評估目前尚未有相關研究。本研究將從環保署空氣品質監測站監測之空氣污染物濃度在背景區及影響區之時間、空間和風向上的變化，並評估影響地區內14歲以下兒童尿中1-OHP濃度分佈的情形。
方法：本研究根據風向與距離選擇出污染影響區及背景區，再根據上下風、距離、測站類型於背景區選定一測站，影響區選定二測站進行時間、空間、上下風污染物濃度趨勢分析。在影響區內，以距離火力發電廠7公里內和位於下風處決定出二個高暴露區，以7-15公里和上風處決定出二個低暴露區，利用隨機抽樣的方式，以面對面問卷調查及健康檢查收集14歲以下未抽菸、喝酒、無職業暴露之380名孩童基本資料和尿液以評估孩童尿中1-OHP濃度，尿液樣本以HPLC-FLD偵測尿中1-OHP濃度。
結果：與背景區相比，影響區之空氣污染物PM10、PM2.5、NOx、SO2、CO與背景區相比，在歷年逐月資料分析中發現，在下風處時污染物濃度上風處濃度高，且均高於背景區，PM10、SO2於2001年後有逐漸增加的趨勢。兒童生物偵測部分，結果發現高暴露區兒童尿中1-OHP濃度顯著高於低暴露區兒童尿中1-OHP，在高暴露區其濃度分別為0.194 μmol/mol-creatinine、0.186 μmol/mol-creatinine，低暴露區其濃度分別為0.113 μmol/mol-creatinine、0.122 μmol/mol-creatinine。
結論：居住在燃煤火力發電廠之周遭或下風處，環境中PM10、PM2.5、NOx、SO2、CO等空氣污染濃度較上風處且距離遠之背景區環境濃度高，而14歲以下孩童尿中1-OHP濃度亦發現居住於周遭或下風處其尿中1-OHP濃度顯著的增加。

關鍵字

燃煤火力發電廠 ； 空氣污染 ； 多環芳香烴碳氫化合物 ； 1-羥基芘 ； 孩童

並列摘要

BACKGROUND：According to previous studies, coal-fired power plant can emit abundant of air pollution by production process, but it is still lack of the information regarding the impact from these two plants simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of industrial emissions on resident’s exposure to air pollution surrounding a coal-fired power plant by measuring the metabolite of PAHs, urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) levels, among children.

METHOD：Wind direction and the distance from the coal-fired power plant and steel-manufacturing mill were used to identify background area and impact area. In impact area we were also used same method to select four communities for our study. Two villages located downwind and most likely to be affected by the plants were the high exposure communities, and two villages located upwind and 7-15 kilometers from the plants were the low exposure communities. Air quality monitoring station data were analyzed for understanding the trend and changing of the air pollution. A total of 380 children aged below 14 were randomly selected from these four communities as our study subjects. Personal information was collected by face-to-face interviews and urinary 1-OHP was measured by a HPLC-FLD method.

RESULTS：Compare with background area, the air pollution in impact area such as PM10、PM2.5、NOx、SO2、CO are higher than background area. The analyses show that PM10 and SO2 concentrations increased significantly since 2001. Children living in the high exposure communities had a significantly higher mean urinary 1-OHP concentration than those in the low exposure communities (0.186 to 0.194 μmol/mol-creatinine v.s. 0.113 to 0.122 μmol/mol-creatinine).

CONCLUSIONS：Children living downwind and in proximity to the coal-fired power plant had increased urinary 1-OHP levels.

並列關鍵字

Coal-fired Power Plant ； Air Pollution ； Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ； 1-Hydroxypyrene ； Children

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