蘭菌與植物生長素對藥用石斛蘭生長發育之影響

Effects of Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Growth Substances on the Growth and Development of Medical Dendrobium spp.

康繼文(Chi-Wen Kang)

指導教授 ： 張喜寧

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝學研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.01693

摘要

由石斛蘭及其他蘭科植物根部所分離之真菌，經純化後，在PDA上大量繁殖，再以胡瓜、水稻及蘿蔔小苗進行致病性分析，排除具致病性之菌種後，將6種真菌(R01、R02、R04、Ac-1、Ac-2、Cy)接種至鐵皮石斛(Dendrobium candidum Wall.ex Linkl.)及銅皮石斛(D. moniliforme Linne.)出瓶苗上。接種後生長120天後，調查結果顯示鐵皮石斛(D. candidum)接種R01、R02及Cy皆可促進生長，其中以接種R02之植株其株高最高。接種R01及Cy者假球莖長度和寬度皆達顯著差異。接種120天後Cy處理之植株鮮重為對照組植株鮮重之1.48倍。植株分蘗數以接種R02菌種者為最多，為對照組之1.5倍。以接種R02菌種之銅皮石斛(D. moniliforme)假球莖長度和寬度達顯著差異。接種Cy或R02菌種之銅皮石斛其植株鮮重達顯著差異，約比對照組植株高出一倍或以上。植株分蘗數以接種Cy菌種者為最多，為對照組之1.5倍。本研究結果顯示蘭菌之接種，以R01，R02及Cy三種菌種，對藥用石斛蘭之生長，有縮短培育年限之潛能，其中R01，R02為絲核菌屬(Rhizoctonia spp.)，Cy(Cylindrocarpon sp.)則為柱孢屬(Cylindrocarpon spp.)真菌，係由石斛蘭根部所分離。
黃花石斛施用太空精之植株其株高、假球莖長度及節數最佳；氯化膽鹼或環己六醇則能促進假球莖的寬度及葉長；葉片寬度則以施用根毛王之效果最佳。對植株鮮重、根數、分蘗數及葉數的促進則以根毛王加太空精之混合施用的效果最好。有施用藥劑處理之植株平均存活率為99.5%，多對照組(80%)19.5%，顯示施用藥劑可提升黃花石斛組培苗整體出瓶後之移植存活率。施用氯化膽鹼加環己六醇或單獨施用根毛王500 ppm對鐵皮石斛植株高度及假球莖長度之生長促進效果最佳；植株根數、分蘗數及鮮重以施用根毛王者最好，其鮮重(0.44g)為對照組(0.24g)之1.83倍，而根數(6.16)為對照組(3.77)之1.63倍。施用植物生長物質可促進黃花石斛及鐵皮石斛營養生長的能力並增加植株出瓶後的移植存活率。推薦黃花石斛可施用太空精500 ppm或根毛王500 ppm加太空精500 ppm以強健種苗及增加植株重量；鐵皮石斛則推薦施用氯化膽鹼300 ppm加環己六醇50 ppm以獲得最佳的質量。

關鍵字

蘭菌 ； 藥用石斛蘭 ； 植物生長素

並列摘要

Several fungi isolated from various orchid roots, including Dendrobium, were isolated, purified and mass cultured on PDA medium. After pathogenic tests for fungi inoculated on cucumber, rice and radish seedlings, those non-pathogenic fungi including R01, R02, R04, Ac-1, Ac-2 and Cy were used as inocula to inoculate roots of Dendrobium candidum Wall.ex Linkl. and D. moniliforme Linne.. After 120 days of inoculation, those inoculated with R01, R02 and Cy, the growth of Dendrobium plants were highly enhanced. Among them, plant height was the highest for those were inoculated with R02 of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF). While those were inoculated with R01 and Cy, the length and diameter of the pseudobulb were significantly increased. The mycorrhizal plant weight and number of tiller increased 148 % (by Cy) and 55 % (by R02) respectively than the non-mycorrhizal control (NM-control). For D. moniliforme, Cy or R02 inoculated plants produced bigger and longer pseudoblubs, and the plant weight was 1.07 fold of the NM-control. Cy inoculated plants increased 146% of tillers than the NM-control. Results showed that the inoculation of OMF could highly stimulate the growth of medical use of Dendrobiums, and had great potential for shorten growing period of Dendrobium spp. Results showed that R01 and R02, which were Rhizoctonia spp. and Cy (Cylindrocarpon sp.), which was isolated from Dendrobium sp. were three effective fungi for growth enhancement of medical use of Dendrobium spp.

The application of Aminosong solution could enhance plant height, pseudobulb length and node number of Dendrobium tosaense Makino. Choline chloride or inositol could improve the width of pseudoblub and leaf length. Leaf width was enhanced by the Lysine#3 treatment. The application of Lysine#3+ Aminosong solution were would highly promote fresh weight, roots, number of axillary buds and leaves. When PGS (plant growth substance) was treated, the average of plant survival percentage is 99.5% which is 19.5% higher than control (80%). It showed that PGS could enhance the plant survival percentage of Dendrobium tosaense tissue culture seedlings after transplanting from bottles. The plant height and pseudoblub length of Dendrobium candidum Wall. ex Lindl. would be highly increased when Choline chloride + Inositol or Lysine#3 (500ppm) were applied. Number of roots, no. of axillary buds and fresh weight were highest when Lysine#3 was applied. Fresh weight (0.44g) is 1.83 folds higher than control (0.24g), and No. of roots (6.16) is 1.63 folds higher than control (3.77). PGS could improve the vegetative growth and plant survival percentage of Dendrobium tosaense and Dendrobium candidum. It was suggested that the use of Aminosong solution (500 ppm) or Lysine#3 (500 ppm) + Aminosong solution (500 ppm), plant fresh weight was increased. For Dendrobium candidum, Choline chloride (300 ppm) + Inositol (50 ppm) would be suggested.

並列關鍵字

Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi ； Medical Dendrobium spp ； Plant Growth Substances

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