超高電容應用於電動機車能量管理系統

Application of Ultracapacitors on Energy Management System of Electric Vehicle

徐普恩(Pu-En Shu)

指導教授 ： 陽毅平

國立臺灣大學/工學院/機械工程學研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2005.02100

摘要

電動機車在馬達加速換檔瞬間，需要供應較大的電流輸出，而傳統鉛酸電池大電流放電下時使用壽命會降低，本論文研究超高電容在電動機車能源管理系統中，扮演加速瞬間大電流輸出的角色，取代傳統電瓶提供電能，而傳統電池則負責巡航時小功率穩定電流的輸出。

新的能量管理系統結合了超高電容功率密度大與電池能量密度
大之優點，利用馬達既有的橋式驅動器搭配超高電容串並聯切換架
構，建立供電與煞車回充系統；同時利用安培小時與暫態開路電壓之量測與計算，可顯示較純開路電壓量測所得更準確的電池殘存電力。超高電容與傳統電池的串並聯電路模型使用IsSpice 模擬軟體建立，模擬馬達在不同轉速下煞車時所產生的感應回充電流，最後以實驗決定最佳煞車檔位以吸收回充電能。新型能量管理系統在ECE40B 之行車型態測試下，顯示在加入超高電容後的整車續航力約可增加18%。

關鍵字

超高電容 ； 煞車回充 ； 串並聯

並列摘要

This research integrates ultracapacitor cells with traditional lead-acid batteries in the energy management system of electric vehicle. The application of ultracapacitor is motivated by the demand of instantly high current for acceleration, which diminishes the life cycle of lead-acid battery. The innovated energy management system consists of control center, a field programmable gate array, to organize series and parallel connections of ultracapacitors and batteries; ultrcapacitor cell is responsible for high current output during accelerating, while battery set is for lower current output during cruising. This proposed scenario takes the advantages of the high power density of ultracapacitor and the high energy density of lead-acid battery.
The novel enery management system has additional features–regenerative braking and display of residual capacity for batteries. The original full-bridge circuit of drive takes the task of regenative braking, fueling generated induced current back to ultracapacitor or battery set according to the driving status. During the vehicle motion, the residual capacity of bettery is estimated by the measurement of ampere-hours and transient open-circuit voltage, which is more accurate than pure voltage measurement on most of commercial electric vehicles. The regenerative braking circuit model is simulated with Is Spice, and the best gearshift is scheduled in the light of experiments. The driving standard ECE40B is finally used for the driving range test. Experiments show that the proposed energy management system with ultracapacitor provides 18% more driving range than the system without ultracapacitor.

並列關鍵字

ultracapacitor ； regenerative brake ； serial and parallel connection

參考文獻

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