電動車輛續航力之提升與煞車回收能量管理

Energy Management of Regenerative Braking to Improve the Driving Range of Electric Vehicles

胡聰賢(Tsung-Hsien Hu)

指導教授 ： 陽毅平

國立臺灣大學/工學院/機械工程學研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.03006

摘要

隨著節約能源和環境保護的觀念倍受重視，電動車輛高效率與低污染的特性自然成為眾所囑目的焦點。本文的主要研究重點在於如何提升電動車輛的能量使用效率，以達成延伸電動車輛續航能力的目的。本文更結合了能量儲存系統、電子換檔系統、馬達驅動系統和煞車能量回收系統，將其機電整合於電動車輛的應用上，核心控制器則是以可程式邏輯閘陣列(Field Programmable Gate Array)來實現，並將能量管理策略、電子換檔策略、最佳驅動電流波形和煞車能量回收控制策略嵌入於核心控制器之中。煞車能量回收方面，本文提出一種創新的煞車回收能量管理控制架構，應用馬達定子繞組結構的串並聯所賦予的特性，配合超高電容器模組，形成回收再生能量的主要架構，並使用磁滯電流控制(Hysteresis Current Control)的方法達成回收電流波形的控制。最後，將機電整合完成的電動車輛於ECE47(CNS3105)標準測試行程中進行續航力測試，實驗結果顯示，在連續64個標準行程的測試下，超高電容器的能量反覆使用率高達97.5%，代表煞車能量回收系統可以大幅改善能量的使用效率，而且在有效的能量回收下，電動車輛的總行駛距離提升19.91%。

關鍵字

煞車回收能量管理

並列摘要

As the energy conservation and environmental protection concerns grow, the development of electric vehicle technology has been significant. The purpose of this research is to find a method to improve the efficiency of electric vehicles to extend driving range. In this thesis, the propulsion and energy management system of hybrid power sources, electric gearshift, and regenerative braking systems are integrated and implemented in an electric vehicle. The strategy of energy management gear shift timing, optimal driving current waveform, and energy regenerative braking control method are embedded in a control core, which is realized by a field programmable gate array(FPGA). Also proposed is a novel regenerative braking method via the inherent configuration of motor windings and their corresponding electronic switches. Therefore, the combination of variable windings and ultracapacitor is the major structure of regenerative braking system. The gross efficiency of electric vehicle is observed by the performance test of driving range according to the ECE47(CNS3105) standard. The experimental results show that the energy usage efficiency of ultracapacitor is as high as 97.5%. Besides the regenerative braking system extends the driving range by 19.91%. The gross efficiency of electric vehicle is also improved with 70% at 30km/hr of low speed gear as well as at 50km/hr of high speed gear.

並列關鍵字

regenerative braking ； energy management

參考文獻

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