網室番茄上銀葉粉蝨之經濟為害水平

此論文的研究目的在於建立網室栽培番茄上的銀葉粉蝨防治基準，以合理減少殺蟲劑使用量。試驗於桃園區農業改良場之網室內進行，供試番茄品種為台中亞蔬四號。最初的試驗於2003年4月26日至6月2日期間，進行樣本來源與取樣數決定之探討，推導其族群於栽培區內番茄植株上之分布狀態，並將結果導入Taylor’s power model以估計最適樣本數。2003年10月27日至2004年2月10日以阿巴丁調控銀葉粉蝨之族群密度，施藥基準設定在每葉片上5隻、10隻、20隻銀葉粉蝨若蟲與成蟲及不噴藥之對照組，企圖造成植株不同之受害程度以瞭解銀葉粉蝨在不傳病情況下的危害性。2004年12月27日至2005年4月6日進行第二次之銀葉粉蝨族群密度與番茄產量調查，本次試驗未使用殺蟲劑調節銀葉粉蝨族群密度。以所得之數據推估其經濟為害水平（EIL）。初步結果顯示銀葉粉蝨族群個體在番茄植株上集中於中下層葉片交際之處，將試驗取樣之來源設定在莖頂下數第10, 11, 12葉，以肉眼當葉計數。以此高度之葉片做為取樣來源，在族群密度5和10 insects/leaf，精密度C = 25%的條件下，最適樣本數分別為53和93個樣本。2003年10月27日至2004年2月10日調查所得之銀葉粉蝨平均族群密度在4.3-19.73 insects/leaf之間，番茄產量在880.25-1044.54 g/plant之間，得減產率b = 8.5537 g/insect ，估算經濟為害水平EIL = 7.91 insects /leaf。2004年12月27日至2005年4月6日調查所得之銀葉粉蝨族群密度在6.88-19.83 insects/leaf之間，番茄產量在1184.06 - 1400.64 g/plant之間，減產率b = 16.131 g/insect ，EIL = 4.19 insects/leaf。由以上結果推論台中亞蔬四號番茄能忍受低密度的銀葉粉蝨為害。本次結果為暫訂的EIL，其實用性有待再評估。

關鍵字

番茄；銀葉粉蝨；經濟為害水平；防治基準；最適樣本數；產量損失

並列摘要

This study was to establish an economic injury level for the silverleaf whitefly on tomato cultivated under nethouse, so as to reduce insecticidal applications. Experiments were conducted at the nethouses in Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station with Asveg #4 toamto. Preliminary samplings were taken from April 26 to June 2, 2003 to analyze the vertical distribution of the silverleaf whitefly on tomato, and to estimate the optimal sample size via Taylor’s power model. Yield loss studies were conducted from November 27, 2003 to February 10, 2004. The population levels of the silverleaf whitefly were manipulated by the application of abamectin, and the control thresholds were set at 5 insects/leaf, 10 insects/leaf, 20 insects/leaf, and none as the check. Yield loss studies were conducted again from December 27, 2004 to April 6, 2005 by natural infestations of the silverleaf whitefly. All data collected were used to estimate the economic injury level by the EIL model, EIL = C/VID. The data collected from April 26 to June 2 in 2003 showed that individuals of silverleaf whitefly distributed at the height where the medium and old-age leaves blended. Sampling targets were setting at the 10th to 12th leaves counting down from the top of tomato plants with an optimal sample size 53 at 10 insects/leaf and 93 at 5 insects/leaf under C = 25%. The data collected from November 27, 2003 to February 2, 2004 showed that population density ranged from 4.3 to 19.73 insects/leaf, and the yield ranged from 880.25 to 1044.54 g/plant. The yield decrease rate was at 8.5537 g/insect, and the EIL was estimated at 7.91 insects/leaf. The data collected from December 27, 2004 to April 6, 2005 showed that population density ranged from 6.88 to 19.83 insects/leaf, and the yield ranged from 1184.06 to 1400.64 g/plant. The yield decreace rate was at 16.131 g/insect, and the EIL was estimated at 4.19 insects/leaf. We conclude that the tomato Asveg #4 could tolerate direct damage by low silverleaf whitefly and these tentatively set EILs need further appraisal for their practicability.

並列關鍵字

tomato ； silverleaf whitefly ； Bemisia argentifolii ； economic injury level ； control threshold ； optimal sample size ； yield loss

參考文獻

Hsien, C. H. 2004. Phylogeny and populaton genetics of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Entomology, NTU, Master’s Thesis. 87 pp (in Chinese).

Ko, C. C., C. N. Chen, and C. H. Wang. 2002. A review of taxonomic studies on the Bemisia tabaci species complex. Formosan Entomol. 22: 307-341 (in Chinese).

Lin, W. H. 2001. Population parameters of the silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) on three tomato varieties. Graduate Institute of Entomology NTU, Master’s Thesis. 105 pp (in Chinese).

Bellows, T. S., Jr., T. M. Perring, R. J. Gill, and D. H. Headrick. 1994. Description of a species of Bemisia (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 87: 195-206.

Byrne, D. N., and T. S. Bellows. 1991. Whitefly biology. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 36: 431-457.

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網室番茄上銀葉粉蝨之經濟為害水平

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