- 學位論文
感性品系與野外族群家蠅抗藥性比較與酯酶分析
Insecticides Resistance and Esterase Analysis in The House Fly（Diptera：Muscidae）of Susceptible Strain and Wild Colony
摘要
自從合成殺蟲劑被大量使用以來，昆蟲的抗藥性便漸漸增加，也因此造成了防治失敗頻率增高。家蠅的高繁殖能力與多重抗性之特性使家蠅成為研究抗藥性的極佳材料，在本實驗中，使用了七種藥劑對感性品系與高雄野外族群家蠅進行感藥性測試，測試的方法為局部滴定法。本實驗使用的藥劑有百滅寧（permethrin）、賽滅寧（cypermethrin）、酚丁滅寧（phenothrin）、第滅寧（deltamethrin）、陶斯松（chlorpyrifos）、撲滅松（fenitrothion）以及安丹（propoxur）。而本實驗使用了兩種生物檢定，一種是使用七種藥劑對三日齡雌雄成蟲進行感藥性測試，另一種為使用百滅寧對第0、1、3、5日齡雌雄成蟲進行生物檢定。由生物檢定的結果可以發現高雄族群對七種藥劑皆有抗性存在，高雄族群雄成蟲對第滅寧的抗性是感性品系雄蟲的773倍，而雌成蟲對陶斯松之抗性為感性品系雌蟲的163倍，由致死濃度來看，如果想使用安丹對高雄家蠅族群進行防治工作，會需要用到非常高的濃度才能有防治成效。而百滅寧對不同日齡成蟲進行之感藥性測試可以發現，全部的高雄族群皆呈現對百滅寧有抗性，而感性品系是第0日齡成蟲最敏感但是高雄族群是第0日齡成蟲最不敏感，此結果可能與高雄族群較感性品系的幼蟲期長有關，此需要進行相關實驗才能進一步確定。另一方面，酯酶活性測定與百滅寧酯酶活性測定可以觀察到，感性品系酯酶活性全部比高雄族群來的大，而百滅寧酯酶的部份則是感性品系活性大多比高雄族群來的高，因此推測高雄族群對百滅寧產生抗性之主要原因可能不是體內酯酶解毒酵素，而是來自其他可能產生抗性之原因，未來可以對高雄族群之抗藥性進行深入研究。
並列摘要
Since the synthetic insecticides were widely used, the insecticides resistance in insects increased rapidly. This caused the failure of the pest control frequently. The high reproductive potential and multiple resistance of the house fly is a good model for the study of insecticides resistance. In this study, seven pesticides were used to test the resistance of house fly. The method is topically applicating of 1μl pesticide drop to the thoracic notum of the insect（Housefly）. Seven pesticides are permethrin, cypermethrin, phenothrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, and propoxur. Two kinds of bioassay. One is test 3-day-old male and female susceptible strain and wild colony house flies by these seven pesticides. The other is test male and female susceptible strain and wild colony house flies from 0-day-old to 5-day-old by permethrin. The wild colony has resistance to these seven insecticides. The most resistance ratio of male wild colony house flies is 773 fold than susceptible strain to deltamethrin. The most resistant ratio of female wild colony house flies is 163 fold than susceptible strain to chlorpyrifos. The aging male and female wild colony house flies have resistance to peremthrin. The 0-day-old susceptible strain flies are the most sensitive of aging house flies, but the 0-day-old wild colony house flies are the most insensitive of aging house flies. This result need more study to insure the reason. The results of general esterase and permethrin esterase activities of susceptible strain are more than the wild colony. It need more study to insure reason of the wild colony resistance.