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  • 學位論文

遊覽車客運業成本及經濟特性之研究

Cost and Economic Characteristics of Tourist Coach Market

指導教授 : 張學孔

摘要


遊覽車客運業為大眾旅遊運輸之重要工具,台灣地區自1991年牌照數量管制逐步開放後,國內營運車輛數從2,500餘部快速增加至11,898輛,遊覽車公司數也從440家倍增至963家,但由於需求並未同步成長,因此造成遊覽車產業供需失衡,並引發削價競爭,間接影響服務品質與行車安全。有鑑於國內尚未針對遊覽車客運業建立的完善成本計算制度,亦未有業者營運及成本資料統計數據,因此本研究旨在建立遊覽車客運業成本函數並探討其經濟特性,研究主要資料來源係針對台灣地區參與2008年評鑑之913家業者成本及營運資料,透過調查問卷進行分析。業者調查問卷內容之設計與擬定,係以本研究研擬適合遊覽車客運業的成本計算制度為基礎。實證分析結果,確實反映出市場存在運價不合理的削價競爭情形。此外,本研究利用校估後的Translog成本函數分析遊覽車客運業的經濟特性,包括:要素價格成本彈性、要素使用情形、成本產出彈性、規模經濟、邊際成本、平均成本、平均營運長度成本彈性、服務品質成本彈性。研究結果顯示,遊覽車客運業處於密度經濟、規模報酬遞增的發展階段;而由有關油料、勞動、保修、資本財與其他成本要素價格彈性之分析結果,則顯示除了保修價格變動對成本影響影響較低之外,其他三項要素對遊覽車客運業的成本變化影響程度相近,但各項要素交叉彈性值皆為負值且遠小於1,顯示要素使用具有僵固性的情形,且要素之間的替代性偏低。在營運特性變數分析方面,顯示業者應增加其營運服務範圍,以達到最適營運規模,而服務品質成本彈性分析結果顯示當遊覽車客運業者致力於公司與車輛服務品質的提升時,會使得營運總成本下降,應可考慮將更多資源投入於公司管理與車輛管理制度,致力於行車安全與服務品質的提供,使資源使用更有效率,達到最適經濟效益的營運規模。

並列摘要


Tourist coach is in the important character of public transport vehicles in travel activities. There are 11,898 tourist vehicles which began with approximately 2,500 vehicles and 963 tourist coach companies which started from 440 companies since the authority deregulated the tourist coach licenses in 1991. However, the market demand did not grow up as expected during this period. Therefore, competition of uneven fare had been applied and consequently caused lower service quality and safety issues. This study aims to analyze cost characteristics of tourist coach market (TCM) based on Translog cost function. A suitable costing system for TCM is proposed in order to design the questionnaire for investigating operation and cost information of the 913 tourist coach companies that have participated in an assessment of service quality and safety in 2008. The empirical analysis has verified that TCM has competition with uneven fare. Results of the estimated Translog cost function indicates that TCM has a characteristic of economies of density.. It is also shown that cost elements such as oil, labor, capital and others affect the cost function equally, but not maintenance cost. That all of the elasticity of substitution appears negative and much lower than 1 has also shown rigidity and less-substitution of the factor price. For the operating characteristics, it indicates that tourist coach companies should extend the operating scope in order to achieve the optimal scale. This result indicates that TCM could use resource more efficiently by enhancing the quality of service, management, equipments, and vehicles.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


賴秋岑(2016)。遊覽車經營現況分析-以亞亞遊覽車公司為例〔碩士論文,國立中正大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0033-2110201614060758

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