社會主義的城市課：大躍進時期上海市編教材與教學活動

1958年展開的大躍進運動影響了當代中國的許多層面，本文著重於考察上海市政府與各級學校如何透過各式教育活動再現當時各級政府掣劃的區域願景，並將教育活動視為地方政府藉由教育單位調整期區域發展策略的文本，以了解在大躍進時期區域政治、經濟政策重新調整下，地方政府如何讓學生得以參與區域的調整並凝視（gaze）其城市的變化。本文將先由1958年起在各省市在中央政府命令下編纂的鄉土教材作為基礎，以對「帝國主義」的話語使用作為主線，考察上海市的鄉土教材如何重述這座城市過去的發展與現實的關係。之後本研究將轉向教材中對區域願景的書寫，以上海市棚戶區的都市更新作為主軸，討論大躍進運動中對城市的想像如何為鄉土教材為學生勾勒的未來生活。在結束對文本的討論之後，本研究將焦點轉往大躍進期間席捲各省市的教育與生產勞動相結合運動，以此梳理教育活動與市政規劃的關係，除討論上海市的教育單位如何讓學生實際的參與市內的生產計劃外，也將涉及教育單位如何規劃不同區域中學校的勞動與就學方式，以此觀察地方政府如何傳達其區域規劃與學生勞動的關係。藉由教育文本和實際教學活動，我們可以看到在大躍進的政治氛圍下區域規劃與教育體系如何重塑區域形象與人群發展。因此，本文最後將指出鄉土教材編纂、教育與生產勞動相結合的教育方式不單只是大躍進時期教育政策的一部分，同時也讓學生在課堂中凝視紙上的區域政策，並透過勞動實作其所習得的政治話語，參與了當下區域的歷史。

關鍵字

上海教育；大躍進；鄉土教材；教育與生產勞動相結合運動；城市形象；凝視

並列摘要

The Great-Leap-Forward had reshaped contemporary China since 1958. Policies planned by central and local governments represented the regional development visions and still remains nowadays. Local education administrations, educators, teachers and CCP school committees translated those visions into teaching materials and educational activities, such as native-place textbooks. By gazing the educational material and participating education activities, the politics of economic adjustment, regional planning and transformation of the city can be understood more deeply. This research targets on the teaching material and activities in Shanghai municipal education. The first part based on the native-place history textbook, the usage of the term “imperialism” in teaching material weaved the past of Shanghai, and connected the planning visions in the movement. Also, native-place geography textbooks focused on regional differences in Shanghai. Teaching material and activities about the urban renewal in the shanty towns and new satellite industrial towns connected students’ daily life and regional development plans. Furthermore, the significant educational activities in the movement -- the combination of education and productive labor – widespread across the whole country. The movement provided a chance for students to participate in the official economic plans (especially local government) in the urban factories and rural communes. Education system involved with economic plans also reflected these differences of the school location arrangement and regional economic policy by local government. In the end, analyzing these educational activities helps us understand that the teaching materials and educational activities had reshaped the figures of region and career development .The education is not only part of the Great-Leap-Forward Movement, but also provided a way for students to gaze and to participate in their city – through the courses in the socialist city.

並列關鍵字

Shanghai education ； native-place textbooks ； The combination of education and productive labor ； City image ； gaze

參考文獻

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社會主義的城市課：大躍進時期上海市編教材與教學活動

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