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  • 學位論文

後冷戰時代美國東亞戰略下的兩岸政策

as title

指導教授 : 蕭全政博士

摘要


美國的東亞戰略是其全球戰略中的一環,也是美國國家安全戰略的重要組成部分。冷戰結束後,蘇聯瓦解,美國的全球戰略隨著國際形勢的演變而調整為:第一、確保國家安全,以保障美國在世界的領導地位;第二、發展經濟,以確保美國在世界超強的實力;第三,擴大民主政治,以促進美國在全世界的利益。 美國東亞戰略的具體內涵,主要體現在布希政府的「太平洋共同體」和柯林頓政府的「新太平洋共同體」構想上,在此構想中,美國藉由交往政策推動東亞國家的政治民主化、經貿自由化及維持東亞地區的和平穩定,並藉由與東亞國家聯盟進行對中共的「和平演變」。 中共面對西方的「中國威脅」論和「和平演變」的主張,有「和平共處五原則」、「睦鄰外交」、「大國外交」及與中亞六國建立「上海合作組織」,並於最近利用各種機會向國際提出「和平崛起」論等,而期望國際瞭解,中共的和平發展對世界不是障礙或威脅。 美國九一一事件發生後,其東亞戰略調整成以反恐為中心,並與東亞國家建立反恐聯盟。美國和中共因在反恐上密切合作而關係好轉,但由於北約東擴後,中共後院阿富汗的政權已由美國主導,美國除與俄羅斯建立夥伴關係外,並在中亞建立軍事基地,及太平洋增強軍力,加上美國已在中國東岸進行的「扇形防堵」線,正好對中共形成前後院戰略包圍之局面。 中共為突破美國的包圍,並繼續反美國的「和平演變」、「中國威脅論」及「中國崩潰論」,「和平崛起」論乃因應而生。但是,中共此項「和平崛起」的主張,與其對準台灣和美國本土部署導彈相互矛盾,可能影響未來美中台三邊的關係。

並列摘要


The East Asian strategy is one of the links in the global strategy of the U.S., it is also a crucial part of its national security strategy. Following the end of the Cold War as well as the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the global strategy of the US has been adjusted with the developments of the international situation: firstly, it has to ensure national security, so as to secure its leading status in the world; secondly, it has to develop economy, so as to ensure its superpower position in the world; thirdly, it has to magnify its democratic politics, so as to foster America’s interests in the world. The contents of America’s East Asian strategy have been mainly presented at the ideas of the Bush Adminstration’s “Pacific Community” and the Clinton Adminstration’s “Neo-Pacific Community”. With the ideas, the U.S. has promoted democratization of politics, liberalization of economy and trade and maintenance of regional peace and stability in the East Asian nations through the congagement policy, and hoped to facilitate China’s “peaceful evolution” through the alliance of East Asian nations. Confronting the Western claims of “China threat” theory and “peaceful evolution strategy”, China has advocated “The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence”, “good neighborhood diplomacy”, “great power diplomacy” and establishment of “Shanghai Cooperative Organization” with six nations in Central Asia. Recently, China has also used various opportunities to propose their theory of “peaceful ascendancy” to the international community in the hopes of being understood that China’s peaceful development is neither an obstacle nor a threat to the world. Since 9/11 incident, the East Asian strategy of the U.S. has been centered on “anti-terrorism” to establish anti-terrorism alliance with the East Asian nations. Mainly due to the close cooperation on anti-terrorism, the relationship of China and the U.S. has been greatly improved. However, since NATO’s expansion to the east, the Afghan regime, the backyard of China, has been dominated by the U.S. In addition to establishing a partner relationship with Russia, the U.S. has also built up military bases in the Central Asia and reinforced military power in the Pacific. To compound matters, the line of “fan-shaped containment” that U.S. has deployed at China’s east coast, has formed a strategic containment by besieging China’s front and rear yards. In order to break through America’s containment, China has continued to oppose against America’s “peaceful evolution”, “China threat theory” and “China collapse theory”, and as is the case, the theory of China’s “peaceful ascendancy” has therefore uprisen. However, China’s claim for “peaceful ascendancy” shows a conflict by its missile deployment aiming at Taiwan and mainland of the U.S. It might affect a future trilateral relationship among the U.S., China and Taiwan.

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莊明紘(2005)。台灣海權發展之歷史分析〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2005.02882

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