- 學位論文
飼料添加南極蝦粉及植物性原料取代魚粉對海鱺成長之影響
Effect of feed supplement with krill meal and vegetative ingredients replacing fish meal on the growth performance of Cobia, Rachycentron canadum.
摘要
海鱺：擁有許多特點讓海鱺成為一個理想的集約養殖品種，全世界目前在中國、台灣、越南…等地，有日益升高的養殖趨勢。 魚粉為水產飼料原料的一種，具有許多優點而成為魚飼料主要的蛋白質來源，對於魚類成長非常重要。由於魚粉產量無法增產、需求量增加，以致價格逐年攀升，故尋找方法來降低魚飼料中魚粉之比例為目前研究之趨勢。 先前的實驗顯示羽扇豆粉（Lupin meal）、菜籽粕（Rapeseed meal）及玉米蛋白（Corn protein）各自分別取代魚粉在海鱺飼料中的最適量為20％、10％、15％，取代後海鱺成長均與對照組無差異，在兩種原料搭配下，海鱺的成長依然有對照組的74％，然而在三個植物性原料一起搭配下，實驗組的成長只可達到對照組的63％。 為了尋求更低魚粉的配方，本實驗利用南極蝦粉（Krill meal）、羽扇豆粉（Lupin meal）、菜籽粕（Rapeseed meal）及玉米蛋白（Corn protein）取代飼料中之魚粉探討對海鱺成長之影響。 實驗一：對照組以 60 %魚粉為飼料蛋白質來源，實驗組則添加南極粉及植物性原料，分為K125、K100、K075、K050四組，南極蝦粉含量為12.5％、10％、7.5％、5％，魚粉含量由60%降至14.5%，測試其對於海鱺之成長效果。經42天飼養，海鱺成長顯示實驗組K100與K075的增重表現最佳，表示在低魚粉配方的飼料中，添加7.5%-10％的南極蝦粉為最適量。 實驗二：對照組60 %魚粉為飼料蛋白質來源，實驗組則添加南極蝦粉及植物性原料，變動配方中菜籽粕與魚粉之多寡，分為FM60、F25R2、F20R5與F17R10。經42天飼養，實驗組中F25R2組在增重率及飼料效率最佳，F17R10最差。
並列摘要
Cobia, Rachycentron canadum, posses many features that make this species has ideal candidate for intensive aquaculture. Successful commercial production of cobia in China, Taiwan, Vietnam...et al., have very height interest for the culture of this species on global basis. Fish meal have many advantages, especially be demanded in aquaculture growth performance, let make fish meal to become a major protein source in aquaculture feeds. Due to steady yield and short of demand, the price raises recently years. The research direction is tendency towards reducing the percentage of fish meal in aquaculture feeds. Previous study show lupin meal, rapeseed meal, corn protein, respective formulating in 20%, 10% and 15% of cobia feeds, can decrease usage of fish meal and had no difference in growth performance. In the combination formula of two vegetative ingredients, cobia still had 73% growth performance of control diets. However in the combination formula of three vegetative ingredients, has only 63% growth performance of control diets. For seeking lower fish meal formula, this study was focus the growth performance of cobia in using krill meal combine with lupin meal, rapeseed meal and corn protein for reducing the ratio of fish meal in cobia feed. Experiment I : Using 60% fish meal formula as main protein source as control diet, experiment diets named K125, K100, K075, K050 because them contain krill meal 12.5%, 10%, 7.5%, 5% respectively. Experiment diets reduce fish meal from 60% to 14.5% to test their growth performance of cobia. After 42 days feeding, K100 and K075 have best weight gain ratio, means low-fish meal formula diet which contain 7.5%-10% krill meal are optimum. Experiment II : Using 60% fish meal formula as main protein source as control diet, all experiment diets contain 10% krill meal and arrange percentage of rapeseed meal and fish meal, each named F25R2, F20R5 and F17R10. After 42 days feeding, F25R2 had best weight gain and feed efficiency, but F17R10 had worst growth performance.