無線傳能之整流天線與近場耦合天線對效率提升設計

Efficiency Enhancement of the Rectenna and the Near Field Coupled Antenna Pair Designs for Wireless Power Transmission

周瑞宏(Jui-Hung Chou)

指導教授 ： 李學智

共同指導教授 ： 林丁丙

國立臺灣大學/電機資訊學院/電信工程學研究所/博士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.11175

摘要

本論文提出了兩種新型的整流天線設計以及一種適用於近場耦合發射-接收天線對設計應用於無線功率傳輸以改善傳統架構之限制並且提升效率。藉由將諧波抑制功能與接收天線整合，傳統整流天線中整流電路裡面的諧波濾波器或低通濾波器就可以移除。另一方面，藉由分析發射-接收天線對於耦合近場區域之場分佈情形，可將天線對之傳輸係數最佳化。
吾人首先提出一款應用於無線功率傳輸之包含諧波抑制功能短路微帶天線設計。為了要改善接收整流天線之轉換效率，藉由移除傳統設計中整流電路的諧波抑制濾波器而降低插入損失。藉由在短路微帶天線中置入一U形槽孔諧振器來抑制經由整流二極體所產生的高階諧波雜訊。使得所提出來的設計不但可以降低油諧波抑制濾波器所產生之插入損失，更可以提升整流天線之轉換效率。
其次，吾人提出一應用於無線功率傳輸之包含諧波抑制功能全極化接收整流天線設計。吾人提出一種雙元極化之整流天線設計並且包含諧波抑制功能，用以克服來向波極化與接收整流天線極化不匹配所造成之極化損失。因此，傳統整流天線設計所面臨到因為極化不匹配造成的極化損失可以完全被消除。除了克服極化損失外，本設計延續前一款提出之新型架構，在接收天線至入諧波抑制功能，使得該整流天線設計之轉換效率可以進一步改善。
最後，吾人提出一款適用於無線功率傳輸之高傳輸效率近場耦合發射-接收天線對設計。當發射天線與接收天線落入彼此的耦合近場區域時，兩個天線的設計就需要同時被考量。藉由觀察於近場區域之兩個天線間的場分佈，我們可以將兩天線之傳輸機制完整的分析。近而將此一傳輸機制以各種不同的參數來將兩天線之傳輸系數最佳化。此一最佳化之參數分析，可適用於兩天線處於耦合近場之各種距離下，兩天線之傳輸係數都可達到最佳化。

關鍵字

整流天線 ； 圓極化 ； 轉換效率 ； 感應近場

並列摘要

In this dissertation, two innovative rectenna designs and a reactive near-field coupled transmit-receive antenna pair design are proposed in order to improve the conversion efficiency and overcome the limitations that exist using conventional designs. By integrating the harmonic rejection properties in the receiving antenna, the harmonic rejection filter or low-pass filter in the rectifying circuit of the conventional rectenna can be omitted. Further, by analyzing the field distribution of the transmit-receive antenna pair within the reactive near-field region, the transmission coefficient of the proposed antenna pair can be optimized.
A number of applications are demonstrated. The first is a compact shorted patch rectenna design with harmonic rejection properties for wireless power transmission. In order to improve the conversion efficiency of the receiving rectenna, the harmonic rejection functions (HRFs) in the conventional design are removed to prevent the additional insertion loss caused by the HRFs. Instead, the rejection of the higher order harmonic noise, which is generated by the rectifying diode, is achieved through etching a U-shaped slot resonator on the shorted patch antenna. The proposed method not only saves the additional insertion losses caused by the HRFs but also improves the conversion efficiency.
The second application is an all-polarization receiving rectenna with harmonic rejection property for wireless power transmission. A dual circularly polarized rectenna design with harmonic rejection properties is proposed as a means to overcome the loss caused by the polarization mismatch between the incoming wave and the receiving rectenna. The polarization loss that conventional rectenna designs suffer from is eliminated by using the proposed rectenna.
The third application is the design of a reactive near field coupled transmitting and receiving antenna pair with high transmission efficiency for wireless power transmission. The design of the transmitting and receiving antennas needs to be considered simultaneously when they operate in the reactive near field region. The transmission mechanism of the proposed transmit-receive antenna pair is analyzed by observing the field distribution between the two antennas. Antenna parameters are also adjusted, based on the results of the field distribution, to achieve the optimal transmission coefficient at a specific distance.

並列關鍵字

rectenna ； circularly polarized ； conversion efficiency ； reactive near field

參考文獻

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