- 學位論文
利用族群變動與果實受害率評估宜蘭地區東方果實蠅 (Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)) 區域防治效果
Evaluation of Efficacy on Area-wide Control of Oriental Fruit Fly (Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)) in Ilan Area by Population Fluctuation and Fruit Damage Rate Assessments
摘要
本論文在宜蘭縣主要果樹栽培鄉鎮，包括頭城鎮、礁溪鄉、三星鄉、冬山鄉、員山鄉等地區進行，就現有東方果實蠅密度監測體系及政府推動果實蠅區域防治之架構下，以含毒甲基丁香油誘殺板及蛋白質水解物（Nu-Lure），調查果實蠅雌、雄蟲族群變動、果實受害率等，藉此評估區域防治之成效。此外，並收集農民意見及反應，以作為日後政府推動更大規模區域防治之參考。從果實蠅族群變動監測結果顯示，田間果實蠅雌、雄蟲族群變動有一致性，利用甲基丁香油捕獲雄蟲數 (X) 與 Nu-Lure 誘引劑所捕獲雌蟲數 (Y) 有顯著相關 (r = 0.74, p < 0.01)，其迴歸方程式為 ln = 0.10 – 0.29lnX + 0.15lnX2 (R2 = 0.70, p < 0.001)。清除非經濟寄主對果實蠅防治之效果評估，從捕獲蟲數而言，不論雌、雄蟲均降低 95% 以上。比較區域防治與非區域防治區之捕獲蟲數差異，結果顯示雖然區域防治區捕獲蟲數較低，但兩者間無顯著差異 (F = 4.7, df = 1.0, p = 0.08)。進一步整合各監測系統，評估區域防治效果時，亦得到類似的結果 (F = 3.4, df = 1.0, p = 0.07)。就果實受害率而言，在區域防治區內實施綜合防治之文旦園，文旦受害率僅4.4%；然在未實施綜合防治之廢蓮霧園，果實平均受害率卻高於90%。就綜合管理之文旦園其文旦受害率調查前一週 Nu-Lure 誘蟲器平均捕獲雌蟲數 (X) 與文旦之平均受害率 (Y) 之關係進行迴歸分析，結果為 = 1.12ln(lnX) + 1.61 (R2 = 1.0, p = 0.03)。2004 年各調查時間之 Nu-Lure 誘蟲器所捕獲雌蟲平均數 (X) 與蓮霧平均受害率 (Y) 之迴歸關係為 sin-1 = 0.07ln(lnX) + 1.37 (R2 = 1.0, p = 0.001)。上述關係式顯示具有極高的相關性，因此未來可利用果實蠅之捕獲蟲數，推測果實受害率，並進一步作為防治效果評估之利用。根據問卷調查結果，宜蘭地區農民普遍認為最有效的防治法為套袋 (53.2% 農民) 與清園 (60.6%)。此外，雖然農民普遍滿意共同防治的結果，有 61.6%的農民其噴藥次數並沒有因此而減少，顯示區域防治之成效仍需大力推廣。綜合而言，本研究指出，利用捕獲蟲數、果實受害率及農民問卷調查，可作為果實蠅區域防治之效果評估標準。
並列摘要
The improved McPhail traps baited with a poisoned methyl eugenol (ME) board or Nu-lure were used in the orchards to monitor the fruit fly population where the area-wide control fruit fly in major fruit production townships in Ilan was conduced. Meanwhile we investigated the damage rate of fruits in these area as well as farmers’ opinion about the area-wide control. The results showed that the male and female population of flies fluctuated synchronously. There was a high correlation between the number of male flies (X) captured by ME and the number of females (Y) captured by the Nu-Lure traps (r = 0.74, p < 0.01). Preliminary analysis revealed that these variables can be expressed as ln = 0.10 – 0.29lnX + 0.15lnX2 (R2 = 0.70, p < 0.001). Results showed that control efficiency reached 95% by 1 and 2 years after guava tree removal. Data analysis indicated that the male fly numbers between Dongshan and other township without area-wide control (AWC) since 2003 were not significantly different (F = 4.7, df = 1.0, p < 0.08). Similarly, the male fly numbers between major fruit production townships with AWC and other townships without AWC since 2003 were not significantly different (F = 3.4, df = 1.0, p = 0.07). The damage rate of pomelo orchards in Dongshan township was below 4.4%. However, the damage rate in abandoned wax apple orchards was higher than 90%. Preliminary analysis reveals that the number of females (X) captured by Nu-Lure trap and the average damage rate of pomelo (Y) can be expressed as = 1.12ln(lnX) + 1.61 (R2 = 1.0, p = 0.03). And, in 2004 the mean number of females (X) and the average damage rate of wax apple (Y) captured by Nu-Lure traps can be expressed as sin-1 = 0.07ln(lnX) + 1.37 (R2 = 1.0, p = 0.001). The validity of these equations needs further test in the future. According to the result of questionnaires, farmers considered that the most efficient methods to control fruit flies were bagging (53.2% farmers) and sanitation (60.6%). Though farmers generally satisfied with the result of area-wide control, the numbers of insecticide used were not reduced (61.6% farmers).