臺灣都市化進程對繁殖鳥類的影響

Urbanization effects on the breeding birds in cities of Taiwan

齋藤迪彥(Michihiko Saito)

指導教授 ： 李培芬

國立臺灣大學/生命科學院/生態學與演化生物學研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.02944

摘要

都市化定義為人類住宅區與工業區的聚集。由於都市化會造成土地利用改變、棲地破碎化、外來植物引入、以及競爭者與掠食者增加，一般認為都市化對猛禽與部分外來種之外的鳥類具有全盤負面影響，但在臺灣卻十分缺乏這方面的研究。本研究首先藉由比較日據時代（1895-1945）的臺灣歷史地圖與今日地圖，分析全臺都市擴張的趨勢；再藉由比較博物館標本資料與今日鳥類調查資料，以鳥類同功群結構的改變探討都市化後的環境變遷。分析結果顯示，整體都市面積顯著增加，但都市鳥類的食性同功群 環境同功群以及體重分布並沒有顯著改變。
本研究首次以歷史地圖資料配合博物館標本資料與今日鳥類監測資料，分析臺灣都市化的趨勢；而經過數化的歷史地圖，亦可作為相關都市化研究的基礎資訊。

關鍵字

都市化 ； 繁殖鳥類 ； 博物館標本 ； 歷史地圖

並列摘要

Urbanization is the concentrated human presence in residential and industrial settings. Globally the effect of urbanization on birds is such that it’s generally negative aside from raptors and some invasives. This may be attributed to various reasons ranging from an increase of land-use change, fragmentation, introduction of exotic plants and competitors and predators, etc. Such studies, however, are scarcely done in Taiwan. In this research, through the use of historical and present map data, we first analyzed the growth of urban systems in all regions of Taiwan. Then, present study moved on to look at the change in breeding bird compositions of Taiwanese urban areas, spanning over a century from the Japanese period, to infer the changes that has occurred to the environment. Through utilizing museum specimen data and historical maps, avian composition of various cities were constructed and compared with present day urban avian composition to look for changes in guild structure. Our results reveal that there was a significant increase in overall urban area size; however the urban dietary guild compositions were not significantly different when compared between past and present. Furthermore, habitat guild composition also revealed no significant difference between respective eras. This result suggests that within the confines of my data and sample sites, abundance aside, there has been negligible difference in avian composition among past and present era. Despite indubitable procession of urbanization, it may suggest that not all areas within my sample sites experienced uniform, extensive land use change. Furthermore we argue that urban green spaces such as schools and parks may play an important role in the conservation of urban avian assemblage. In summary, present study looked at, for the first time, the effect of urbanization through comparison of overseas museum specimen data and present day monitoring data. The digitization of historic maps also provides future researchers with a platform to carry out similar studies involving urbanization.

並列關鍵字

urbanization ； breeding birds ； museum specimen ； historical maps

參考文獻

Koh, CN., & Cheng, WR. (2011). Do birds in the urban green area change their tolerance to human disturbance?-a case study of the Taipei Botanical Garden. Quarterly Jounal of Chinese Forestry 44, 435-444. (In Chinese)

Liao, RJ. (1987). Taiwan historic location name textual research. National Taiwan University Experimental Forest research report, 1, 91-103. (In Chinese)

Andrade, T. (2006). The rise and fall of Dutch Taiwan, 1624-1662: Cooperative colonization and the Statist model of European expansion. Journal of World History, 17, 429-450.

Blair, Robert B. (1996). Land use and avian species diversity along an urban gradient. Ecological Applications, 6, 506-519.

Chace, JF., & Walsh, JJ. (2006). Urban effects on native avifauna: a review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 74, 46-69.