運用計劃行為理論檢視臺灣大學生運動員之危險性行為意圖：以性別與性經驗分層之比較分析

An Examination of Condomless Sex Intention among College Athletes in Taiwan Using the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Comparative Analysis Stratified by Gender and Sexual Experience

李芳妤(Fang-Yu Li)

指導教授 ： 黃俊豪

國立臺灣大學/公共衛生學院/健康政策與管理研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.02656

摘要

目標：運用計劃行為理論 (Theory of Planned Behavior, TPB) 探討臺灣大學生運動員之危險性行為 (不戴套性交)意圖，分析其三大構念（行為態度、主觀規範及自覺行為控制）之直接、間接測量和間接測量題組與不戴套性交意圖之關聯，並檢視性別與過去性經驗對其之調節作用。
方法：於2014年11月，針對北部三所大專院校之大學生運動員，以TPB為依據自編而成之匿名式紙本問卷進行調查，共發放1,654份問卷，收回有效樣本1,608份 (97.2%)，然因本研究係針對異性戀大學生運動員，故僅將1,349名自陳為異性戀者納入分析。以性別及性經驗分層，利用多變項羅吉斯迴歸（multivariate logistic regression）分析，探討直接測量、間接測量與間接測量題組與不戴套性交意圖之關聯。
結果：直接測量部分，無論男女或有無性經驗者，其行為態度為相對中性或正向時，均有較高之不戴套性交意圖；主觀規範僅在有性經驗 (AOR=9.74) 及無性經驗 (AOR=5.18) 女性自覺相對高度支持時，始呈現較高之不戴套性交意圖；自覺行為控制則僅在有性經驗之男性中，當其具相對高度自覺控制時 (AOR=4.74)，始顯現較高之不戴套性交意圖。間接測量部分，使用探索性因素分析後可細分為五類因素，並與不同性別及性經驗者具不同程度之顯著關聯。進一步檢視間接測量題組時發現，影響不同性別及性經驗者不戴套性交意圖之因素具差異性，例如：於有性經驗者中，性刺激之追求對男性與女性不戴套性交意圖之影響分別為AOR=2.79與AOR=9.99。
結論：本研究以TPB探討臺灣大學生運動員之不戴套性交意圖，並以性別及性經驗分層進行分析，發現行為態度為重要影響因素，自覺行為控制於男性具影響力，且性別與性經驗為重要之調節因子。未來若欲降低大學生運動員之不戴套性交意圖，應針對不同性別及性經驗者提供適性之衛教介入，以有效預防危險性行為之發生。

關鍵字

計劃行為理論 ； 大學生運動員 ； 不戴套性交意圖 ； 性別 ； 性經驗 ； 臺灣

並列摘要

Objectives: Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study aimed to examine the condomless sex intention (CSI) among college athletes in Taiwan, separately by their gender and sexual experience, in relation to the three constructs of the TPB.
Methods: Anonymous self-administered survey data were collected from college athletes in northern Taiwan in November, 2014 through January, 2015. Responses from 1,349 heterosexual college athletes were included in the analyses (response rate: 97.2%). Multivariate logistic regression was employed to explore the covariates of CSI, stratified by gender and sexual experience.
Results: When the TPB direct measures were used, a relatively neutral or positive attitude toward the behavior was significantly associated with greater CSI (AOR ranging from 5.39 to 47.87), regardless of gender or sexual experience. Female athletes, both sexually inexperienced and experienced, who perceived a relatively supportive subjective norm had significantly higher CSI (AOR=5.18 and 9.74, respectively). Sexually experienced male athletes who perceived relatively high behavioral control (AOR=4.74) had greater CSI. When the TPB indirect measures were applied, five factors were extracted, and all five factor-based measures were significantly associated with CSI to varying degrees. When individual items of indirect measures were further examined in relation to CSI, significant covariates were found to vary by gender and sexual experience. For example, among sexually experienced male and female athletes, a relatively positive evaluation about sexual excitement was differentially associated with CSI (AOR=2.79 and 9.99, respectively).
Conclusions: Based on the TPB, this study found that attitude toward the behavior was strongly associated with CSI among college athletes. Perceived behavioral control had significant effects only among males. In addition, gender and sexual experience had important moderating effects. These findings suggest that, for optimal effectiveness, future health education interventions to reduce sexual risk behaviors should be tailored for college athletes of different genders and sexual experiences.

並列關鍵字

Theory of Planned Behavior ； College athletes ； Condomless sex intention ； Gender ； Sexual experience ； Taiwan

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