複合相變材料於建築節能之研究與應用

Research and Application of Composite Phase-Change Materials for Energy-Saving Buildings

楊泓斌(Hong-Bin Yang)

指導教授 ： 陳振川 ； 劉楨業

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/博士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.02664

摘要

相變材料具有於特定溫度區間內改變其物理狀態的能力，在這個溫度區間範圍內，材料吸收以及釋放出大量的潛熱。相變材料作為建築物外殼潛熱控制材料，以增加結構物對於氣候條件之隔絕與延遲作用、提高室內空間的舒適度並進而達到調節空調耗能與尖峰時段的用電情形。
針對複合相變材料於建築節能之研究與應用，本研究主要針對相變混凝土配比設計、相變混凝土之力學性質、熱學性質、熱學行為、相變材料之固液相特性、應於台灣氣候條件之影響分析，另外應用BIM建築模擬資訊系統進行效益評估。
研究發現相變材料的取代將有效提升相變混凝土的熱學相關性質，但也對力學性質造成影響，相變取代量越大，抗壓強度的折減量越高，以相變材料取代量10%為例，抗壓強度折減27%；另外，相變材料取代量越大，體積收縮量越大、彈性模數越小。相變材料之固液相行為部分，以熱傳導係數與熱擴散係數影響較顯著，比熱容與力學性質部分影響較不顯著。
針對台灣溫度條件進行研究，夏季，隨著相變材料比例的增加，相變材料利用潛熱吸收熱量及釋放熱量的特性，提升周圍環境溫度的穩定效果；冬季，溫度條件無法提供本研究使用的相變材料足夠之熱量，整體而言潛熱依舊可運用在冬季保溫的功效。另外，根據BIM建築模擬資訊系統之分析結果，夏季時，相變潛熱之效果發揮，減緩熱進入室內之情況，故可有效減少空調之使用量；冬季時，因環境溫度較低之緣故，相變材料無法完全發揮，省電比例較不顯著。

關鍵字

複合相變混凝土 ； 複合牆板 ； 力學性質 ； 熱學性質 ； 熱學行為 ； 相變材料固液相行為

並列摘要

A phase change material (PCM) is also known as a material of latent thermal energy storage (LTES). When PCMs undergo phase change, it can absorb or emit large amounts of heat to store or release thermal energy. These properties can be used to control the surrounding temperature. The advantages of TES include being able to reduce the peak electricity usage of air-conditioning systems, regulate the energy use of peak and off-peak hours and delay the temperature changes on the indoor environment.
In this research, PCM will be studied for building energy conservation, and the research of composite phase change materials, including the mixture designs, mechanical properties, thermal properties, thermal behavior, and the effects of the solid phase and liquid phase on the mechanical properties of concrete was also be a key focus of this research. Furthermore, analyze the application in climate of Taiwan.
Based on the results of this study, the following conclusions are drawn: A higher replacement amount of PCM gave a lower specific weight of PCM-modified concrete. With increasing replacement amount, the mechanical properties such as compressive strength and elastic modulus decreased. For the drying shrinkage, as the original concrete materials were replaced by the PCM with lower strength and stiffness, the drying shrinkage also increased with the increase in amount of PCM added.
And the solid-liquid phase change of PCM allows its high latent heat properties to be used. This study revealed that whether the PCM was in a solid phase or liquid phase, it also affected the mechanical properties. The PCM at liquid phase would be softer than the PCM at solid phase, lowering the compressive strength and elastic modulus, the effect of the solid-liquid phases on the drying shrinkage was less significant. Overall, the concrete containing PCM had lower strength and stiffness when compared with original concrete specimens that containing no PCM.
Concrete with PCM may not suitable for use as structural elements. However, PCM is an important solution for optimizing the energy consumption in modern buildings. It can absorb or emit large amounts of heat to store or release thermal energy. These properties can be used to control the building temperatures resulting in energy saving and carbon reduction.

並列關鍵字

Concrete containing phase-change material ； phase-change material (PCM) ； mechanical properties ； thermal properties ； solid-liquid phase of phase-change material

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