長期照護機構工作人員之人格特質與組織承諾相關性之研究

On the correlation between Personality Traits and Organizational Commitment of the Workers in Long-Term Care Facilities

董明先(Ming-Shien Tung)

指導教授 ： 蘇喜

國立臺灣大學/公共衛生學院/醫療機構管理研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.02935

摘要

我國老人人口比率2007年初達到10%，人數超過229萬，其中需不同程度長期照顧的老人超過20萬人。預估到了2016年，老人人口將超過13%，而長期照護除了醫療照護外， 所涵蓋的不僅是單純的醫療專業上的問題， 還包括社會服務、個人生活照顧、甚至居住照顧等，所以必須儘早儲備長期照顧服務體系人才，以為因應。
研究者本身在實際的長期照護機構營運經驗中，發現即使是和醫院一樣的薪資標準，在專業人員的招募上都比醫院要困難的多，所以希望能藉由本研究，瞭解長期照護機構工作人員有何人格特質，以及與組織承諾間的關連性，並能將研究的成果提供給機構的經營者作為選才的參考，以期能提升長期照護機構的照護品質。
本研究在人格特質方面，採神經質、外傾支配性、聰穎開放性、和善性（Agreeableness），以及嚴謹自律性五大類型，作為研究的構面。組織承諾的部分則以價值承諾、努力承諾、留職承諾等三變項做為研究變項。
在樣本方面選取台北縣、市6家評鑑優等、2家評鑑甲等的大型長期照護之工作人員為研究對象（不包含外籍監護工、外包人員及替代役男），共計發出412 份，實際有效回收樣本共351份，佔85.19%。使用統計軟體SPSS for Windows 12.0，以描述性統計、t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森相關分析、迴歸分析為主要統計分析方法。
回收的樣本中，嚴謹自律性人格特質為最高，平均分數為3.81，其次為和善性人格特質3.61，外傾支配性人格特質3.37，非常符合長期照護機構員工應有的特質，而且神經質人格的分數僅2.54，表示這群人是有安全感的且自我滿足的。
整體而言抽樣機構之員工都有高度的組織承諾，其中尤其以努力承諾與價值承諾最高，平均分數分別達到4.05與4.03，顯示這些機構的員工願意為組織投注高度的努力並深信並接受組織目標及價值。留職承諾方面，也達到3.65的分數。
在人格特質的五個構面與組織承諾的相關分析上，發現嚴謹自律性、外傾支配性與和善性的人格特質與組織承諾的三個構面都有明顯的正相關，而神經質的人格特質則與組織承諾的三個構面有明顯的負相關。
年齡與月薪可顯著預測價值承諾、努力承諾及留職承諾，且兩變項皆呈正向關係，即年齡與月薪愈高其價值承諾、努力承諾及留職承諾也愈高。在分別加入嚴謹自律性、外傾支配性和善性、神經質等四個人格特質後，對組織承諾的三個構面都顯著的增加變異數的解釋力。

關鍵字

長期照護 ； 長期照顧 ； 長期照護機構 ； 人格特質 ； 人格五因素模式 ； 組織承諾

並列摘要

By the beginning of 2007, the geriatric population in our country approaches 10 %, arriving at 2.29 million, among them more than two hundred thousand are in need of different degrees of long-term care. By year 2016, the geriatrics are estimated to be more than 13 % of the general population, long-term care will then cover not just medical care, but also social service, personal daily activities, and down to level of dwelling. Therefore, advance preparation to deal with the situation should start with scouting and cultivation of long-term care personnel.
This researcher is personally involved in the management of the long-term care institution. Given the same pay standard as those in the hospital settings, we actually encountered difficulty in recruiting professionals in this field. This is the purpose of this study to comprehend the personality traits of those who are involved in the long-term care institution, and to uncover the relationship between systemize commitment. The progeny of which will provide the operator reference for future recruitment, thus exaltation of standard of care in these long-term care institution.
In this study as part of constitutes concerning personality traits, we lay stress on five major categories: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness. In terms of systemize commitment, we attach our importance on: value commitment, effort commitment and retention commitment as the variables.
The sample covers personnel from 6 institutions from Taipei City and Taipei County who are rated as excellent long-term care institutions and 2 institutions rated as Grade A (exclusive of foreign guardians, farm-out workers and alternative military servicemen). A total of 412 surveys were sent out, actual retrieval of valid survey sample is 351, percentage of 85.17%. We employed statistical software SPSS for Windows 12.0, utilizing Descriptive Statistics, T-test, On-Way ANOVA, Pearson Correlation analysis and Regression analysis as major measure for statistics analysis.
From the retrieved samples, conscientiousness as personality trait is rated highest, average score of 3.81, followed by agreeableness with score of 3.37 and then extraversion with score of 3.37, it has very much conformed with what is obliged from persons involved in the long-term care. While the category of neuroticism scored only 2.54, meaning this group of people has balanced sense of security and good self-gratification.
In holism, the personnel from the sampled institutions maintained high standard level of systemize commitment. Among them effort commitment and value commitment scored highest with the average of 4.05 and 4.03 respectively. These signified that these personnel are willing to exert great efforts for the establishments and trustworthy of the institution’s goal and value. In terms of retention commitment they also attained a score of 3.65.
In the analysis of the five categories of personality traits and systemize commitment, we find out that conscientiousness, extraversion and agreeableness and the three aspects of systemize commitment has a conspicuous positive relevance, while neuroticism has a negative relevance.
Age and monthly salary has significant anticipative value on value commitment, effort commitment and retention commitment. These two variables have a positive effective, meaning with older age and higher salary their value commitment, effort commitment and retention commitment will also be higher. When acceded to the personality traits of conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, three aspects of systemize commitment has apparent additive explanatory effect on the variables.

並列關鍵字

Long-term care ； Long-term care facilities ； Personality Traits ； Five-Factor model ； Organizational Commitment

參考文獻

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