扁平足與健康長跑者心肺疲勞時對下肢之影響

Effects of Cardiovascular Fatigue on Lower Limbs during Long-Distance Running with and without Flat-Foot

陳郁翔(Yu-Hsiang Chen)

指導教授 ： 呂東武

國立臺灣大學/工學院/醫學工程學研究所/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202204201

摘要

雙足直立的奔跑在人類透過不停演化的過程中就是主要的移動以及運動的方法。近年來，隨著運動風氣盛行，長跑此項運動也越加受到歡迎。然而，隨著長跑的受歡迎程度逐年上升，其受傷的比例也隨之增長，而受傷風險也會隨著跑者的疲累程度而增加。因此偵測疲勞成了減少運動傷害並提升訓練效益的重要方法。

此外，足型則是另一項被認為與運動疲勞及受傷風險有相關性的因素，因為低足弓被認為對於長跑是一種較不具優勢的足部形狀，並經常被認為有較高的受傷風險。過去文獻曾探討關於低足弓跑者相較普通足弓跑者的運動表現或行使日常功能的研究，然而其研究結果指出足型對於運動表現仍須釐清。不過，另一篇綜合性文獻系統性的收集了過去積累的相關研究，並以統計學方式作出了總結，其認為就其所收集的研究總體而言，高低足弓相較於普通足弓高度，在長跑時有更高的受傷風險。

過往關於扁平足之力學影響之研究通常是利用負重或是長跑達成肌肉疲勞，以測得受試者在疲勞前與疲勞後行走時下肢之生物力學。此類研究多為針對扁平足患者於行走時肌肉疲勞之影響，而未有探究扁平足患者於長跑時心肺疲勞之影響。

本研究旨在藉由比較扁平足長跑者於心肺疲勞前後之下肢生物力學、運動學與平衡狀態，以及比較一般足弓之長跑者於心肺疲勞前後之下肢生物力學、運動學與平衡狀態，探討扁平足長跑者與健康長跑者於心肺疲勞時之下肢生物力學、運動學與平衡狀態之異同。從統計結果可知，扁平足跑者相較於正常跑者而言，在心肺疲勞時有更大的關節受力，此結果表示扁平足跑者心肺疲勞時可能較正常跑者更快達致肌肉骨骼系統之疲勞，進而造成較高之過度使用傷害發生率。

關鍵字

跑步生物力學 ； 心肺疲勞

並列摘要

Bipedal Running has been a major method of transportation and exercise since humanity evolved from apes. In recent years, distance running has become increasingly popular among the choices of exercise as exercise becomes a trend. However, with increasing popularity comes increasing rates of injuries, and the risk of injury increases as the runner becomes fatigued. The detection of fatigue is thus a major step towards preventing injuries and the promotion of training efficiency.

Foot shape is another factor concerning fatigue and risk of injury in sporting, as the low arch height is considered a less advantageous foot shape in distance running, and is often connected to a higher risk of injury. There was also research investigating the performance in sports or daily activities of low arch runners compared to normal arch runners; however, their conclusion was conflicting and needs further clarification. Nevertheless, in another review paper, the accumulated research about this relationship was collected systematically and concluded statistically, and the conclusion drawn from the research collected was that lower and higher arch height did cause a higher risk of injury in distance running.

Past studies about the effects of fatigue on flat-foot patients were mostly concerning walking biomechanics and attaining fatigue status through running or loading. These studies aimed at researching the effects of flat-foot walking biomechanics during muscular fatigue, and few researchers studied the effects of flat-foot running biomechanics during cardiovascular fatigue.

This research aims to investigate the differences in biomechanics of flat-foot long-distance runners and healthy long-distance runners through a comparison of lower limbs kinematics, kinetics, and balance of flat-foot runners before and after cardiovascular fatigue, and a comparison of lower limbs kinematics, kinetics, and balance of healthy runners before and after cardiovascular fatigue. Statistical results show that lower limb joints of flat-foot runners suffer more stress than normal runners during cardiovascular fatigue, and this may indicate that flat-foot runners will reach musculoskeletal failure faster than normal runners, thus resulting in higher overuse injury rate.

並列關鍵字

running biomechanics ； cardiovascular fatigue

參考文獻

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