國會助理工作壓力與離職傾向之研究

國會助理是立法委員在國會問政的臂膀，更是國家發展及制定法規上的幕後推手，根據我國國會助理職業工會於2017年之調查，國會助理平均年資約2年多，平均年資4年以下者高達 57.8%。國會助理在立法院服務年資過短，對於國家發展長期以來必然有相當程度的不良影響。本研究為探討國會助理個人屬性、職場表現、外在因素三者與工作壓力之相關性，並分析國會助理工作壓力與離職傾向間之相關性。本研究以國會助理工作壓力與離職傾向為主題，先採用文獻分析法作為研究基礎，搭配深度訪談法進行質化研究，具體呈現國會助理在工作上可能遭遇的壓力與後續面臨的離職困境，以利後續研究者探討相關解決方案。本研究中，以十六位現職於立法院公費助理作為訪談對象，根據訪談分析發現：一、受訪者普遍認為工作壓力與離職傾向具有關聯性，其中包含工作內容過於繁重、工作處理時效過短、薪資過低、職業生涯沒有保障且不穩定、職場上的人際關係，都可能成為國會助理產生影響其離職傾向的工作壓力，並進而成為產生離職的可能因素。二、受訪者大多表示應盡速讓國會助理法制化，使國會助理權益被保障，讓助理有完善的年資累積機制。並設置輔導教學機制與心理輔導單位以保障國會助理之權益，進而降低國會助理離職率。針對研究發現，本研究建議：一、國會助理應培養專業素養，並以健康之方式紓解工作壓力，助理工會應發揮效能實質提倡國會助理法制化。二、立法委員應立法用人公開透明禁止立委三等親入職領薪、國會助理修法改以公職機要人員任用。三、立法院應主動監督各委員辦公室遵守勞動法規、並將立法委員及助理預算科目分開編列、研議合併立法院幕僚單位與國會助理制度。

關鍵字

國會助理；工作壓力；離職傾向；立法院；國會助理法制化

並列摘要

Congressional assistants serve as the arms of legislators in Congress. Moreover, they are the driving force behind the development of the country as well as the enactment of laws and regulations. According to a survey conducted by the Congressional Assistant Union in 2017, the average tenure of congressional assistants is about 2 years, and for those with an average of less than 4 years, the average tenure is as high as 57.8%. The short length of service of congressional assistants in the Legislative Yuan will certainly have a considerable negative impact on the long-term development of our country. This study investigated the correlation between personal attributes, workplace performance, and external factors and job stress among congressional assistants, and analyzed the correlation between job stress and turnover intention among congressional assistants. This study focused on the job stress and turnover intention of congressional assistants. Document Analysis was employed as the basis of the study, coupled with in-depth interviews to conduct a qualitative study to present the possible stressors and resignation dilemmas faced by congressional assistants at work, so as to facilitate the subsequent researcher to explore solutions in this regard. This study recruited 16 assistants who are currently working in the Legislative Yuan as interviewees. According to the analysis of the interviews, the following findings were found. (1) Respondents generally believed that job stress is related to the turnover intention, including excessive workload, short work efficiency, low salary, insecure and unstable career, and interpersonal relationships in the workplace, all of which may become work pressure that affects the tendency to quit among congressional assistants, and then become possible factors for resignation. (2) Most of the interviewees said that the legalization of congressional assistants should be launched as soon as possible, so that the rights and interests of congressional assistants can be protected to provide them with a sound mechanism for accumulating seniority. In addition, a counseling and teaching mechanism as well as a psychological counseling unit should be set up to protect the rights and interests of congressional assistants, so as to reduce the rate of quit of congressional assistants. The study recommends that: (1) Congressional assistants should develop their professionalism and relieve their work pressure in a healthy way, while the Assistant Union should play an effective role in advocating the legalization of congressional assistants. (2) Legislators should establish legislation for openness and transparency in hiring, and explicitly prohibit third degree relatives of legislators from receiving salaries. (3) The Legislative Yuan should supervise the offices of its legislators to comply with labor laws and regulations, separate the budget for legislators and their assistants, and consider merging their staff units with the congressional assistant system.