- 學位論文
台灣高功率整流二極體產業經營策略之研究
Taiwan High Power Diode Industry, Business Strategy Study
摘要
民國53年美商通用電子公司，於新店設立高功率整流二極體廠，展開台灣半導體工業的嶄新的一頁，40多年悄悄的進入台灣，也悄悄的離開台灣，幾乎所有略具規模的二極體廠，都在對岸創造新的事業規模，台灣只剩下晶片廠及營運中心，因為有中國的舞台，台灣高功率整流二極體廠的營業額，已經達到全球27%的市佔率，具有舉足輕重的地位。但因為仍以低階低毛利的產品為主，經營相當辛苦，還無法在這個產業中，真正成為領導的企業。 台灣高功率整流二極體廠，初期大部份的人才都來自於通用公司，通用對台灣這個產業貢獻良多；因為進入門檻不高，個人或數人集資數百萬加上一點技術，就投入這個產業，40多年來如雨後春筍，從一家到今天約有40多家大小廠，從上游的長晶廠到下游的電子產品用戶，已經形成完整的產業鏈，自給自足。這個產業是幸運的，台灣是電子產品的重要製造基地，產業的餅不斷擴大，當台灣因為工資、土地成本的高漲，轉移到中國時，中國成為台灣高功率整流二極體企業變大的好舞台。利用中國豐富的人力資源，中國成為世界的製造中心，對於半導體產品的需求強勁，近十年來經濟成長率高達10%，造就台灣高功率整流二極體廠在中國茁壯成長。 本研究從產業的經濟規模做為研究的開始，觀察這個產業的主要領導廠商，目前高功率整流二極體的關鍵技術、高階高毛利產品仍掌握在歐美日等廠手中。了解這些標竿企業的經營策略、產品組合、市場定位，讓台灣廠在轉型的過程中，可以做為參考傚仿的對象。 透過波特的競爭優勢理論的角度，個案分析台灣高功率整流二極體廠商的經營策略，SWOT的分析手法，提出產業的經營策略及產品發展趨勢，希望有助於產業未來能有更成功的發展，擺脫低價低階產品的經營型態，轉型成為產品線完整、穩定的品質、堅強的研發能力，獲利能力強，擁有自己的品牌，成為產業中的領導廠商。台灣佔有戰略上的優勢，先天條件佳就看企業如何掌握，發展出競爭優勢，締造永續經營成長的未來，讓台灣高功率整流二極體產業再度發揚光大。 同時也向政府提出呼籲，高功率整流二極體雖然不是目前科技發展的主流，但產業的規模夠大，成長及獲利穩定，值得政府出面，鼓勵學術單位、研究機構協助業者轉型，可以加速業者轉型成功。 關鍵詞：差異化、競爭優勢、分離式元件、高功率整流二極體
並列摘要
Taiwan General Semiconductor (TGS) established high-power diode factory at Hsin-Dien, Taiwan in 1964, and this is the starting point of Taiwan’s IC industry. This industry comes to Taiwan quietly and leaves quietly from Taiwan; almost all diode makers went to China and established their factory there. These diode companies only keep wafer plants and global operation centers in Taiwan, and with their factories in China, they have a total global market share of 27% in this industry. However, their products are concentrated on diodes of low profit, and no company could be a leading company in this industry. Most engineers of the high-power diode factory in Taiwan came from TGS and TGS contributed a lot to this industry in Taiwan. The entry barrier to this industry is not too high, and engineers with some capital and technology tried to enter. In the past 40 years, there are totally more than 40 companies established. Companies from the ingot growth to the electronics products form integrated industry chain and satisfy the needs of each other. This industry is lucky enough and Taiwan is the important manufacturing base of electronics products. As the pie grow bigger, and when the cost of labor and land soar, many companies shifted their operation to China, China becomes a good stage for Taiwanese high-power diode companies. With plenty human resources, China becomes manufacturing center of many kinds of products and the needs for diodes are very strong. The economic growth of more than 10% also benefits Taiwanese high-power diode makers in China. This study starts at economic scale of an industry, and observes leading companies in this industry. Many key technologies with many top tier and high profit products remain at companies in Europe, USA, and Japan. The study of the business strategies, products mix, market positioning of these benchmark companies provides a good reference for the Taiwanese companies in the process of growth and transformation. From the competitiveness theory of Professor Porter, case study of the management strategy of the Taiwanese high-power diode makers, and the SWOT analysis, this study tries to propose a management strategy and product development trends, which might be helpful to better development of this industry in Taiwan. The author wishes that Taiwanese companies will stop making low level products and construct high quality product lines, they will also have strong R&D, with good profit and good brand names in the worldwide market so that they become leading companies in this industry. Taiwanese companies already occupy the strategic competitiveness, their future and growth depends on how to keep these and develop even better strategies. The author also wishes to suggest to the government for this industry. Although the high power diode is not a main stream of current R&D, this industry is big enough and enjoys stable growth and profitability, the government should encourage scholars and research organizations to facilitate company transformation for their better future.