- 學位論文
虛擬電廠策略之整合性環境評估
An Integrated Environmental Assessment of Virtual Power Plant
摘要
本研究係應用虛擬電廠之概念，透過電力消費型態的改變以減少電力使用造成之環境衝擊，其中電力消費採用投入產出分析方法從最終需求之觀點加以探討，並以生命週期評估方法量化應用虛擬電廠策略在人體毒性、呼吸效應、光化學煙霧、陸域生態毒性、水域生態毒性、水體優養化、水體酸化與全球暖化八項環境衝擊項目可能造成之環境衝擊變化。 根據2008年電力投入產出分析之結果，目前產業用電量約占台灣總用電量81%，若進一步將產業電力耗用解構為家計消費、出口與其他需求三部分，其中出口用電量約占產業總電力耗用58%。另一方面，根據電力電力投入產出分析結果，台灣電力消費之關鍵產業為化學材料、紡織品、塑膠製品、紙漿紙及紙製品、非金屬礦物製品、鋼鐵、電力設備、化學製品、金屬製品、電腦電子與光學產品與電子零組件共11個產業部門。 根據目前台灣之電力消費現況，本研究透過用電效率提升與供電結構改變來作為虛擬電廠策略。首先在用電效率的部分，提升關鍵產業與非關鍵產業之用電效率30%，分別可減少產業總電力耗用約16.38%與13.62%；其次，針對關鍵產業改變供電結構，其中以燃氣汽電共生替換既有汽電共生系統供電可減少致癌人體毒性、呼吸效應、陸域生態毒性與水體酸化約9-17%之環境衝擊，而設置太陽能光電系統與微型風力發電機兩類分散式電力替換台電系統供電則可減少非致癌人體毒性、水域生態毒性、水體優養化約6-10%之環境衝擊，而上述之供電結構改變可減少光化學煙霧與全球暖化約7-9%之環境衝擊。整體而言，藉由改變電力消費型態之虛擬電廠策略的確可以減少因電力消費所造成之環境衝擊。
並列摘要
Virtual power plant (VPP) is contemplated in this research, which considers electricity supply and electricity final demand, to decrease the environmental impact by changing of the electricity consumption patterns. The electricity consumption varied with electricity final demand is analyzed by the electricity input-output analysis (EIOA), and the environment impact is quantified by life cycle assessment (LCA), including human toxicity (carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic), respiratory, photochemical oxidation, terrestrial ecotoxicity, aquatic ecotoxicity, aquatic acidification, aquatic eutrophication and global warming. According to EIOA in 2008, the electricity consumptions of industries account for 80% total electricity consumption in Taiwan, and the electricity consumptions of industries are provided to household consumption, export, and other demands. Export is the main demand, which accounts for 58% of the industrial electricity consumption. Besides, sensitive industries of electricity consumption in Taiwan are divided by EIOA into 11 industries, including chemical material, textiles mills, pulp paper and paper products, chemical products, plastic products, non-metallic mineral products, iron and steel, fabricated metal products, electronic parts & components, computers electronic & Optic Prod and electrical equipment. Compared with EIOA in 2008, VPP is conducted in electricity strategy by adjusting electricity efficiency and electricity supply structure. On one hand, increasing 30% electricity efficiency in sensitive industries and insensitive industries reduce 16.38% and 13.62% industrial electricity consumption, respectively. On the other hand, electricity supply structure of sensitive industries is modified by using liquid nature gas (LNG) as an alternative fuel for the cogeneration system and installing decentralized generation system (DES). The fomer reduces 9-17% environmental impact in human toxicity (carcinogenic), respiratory, terrestrial ecotoxicity and aquatic acidification; the latter reduces 6-10% environmental impact in human toxicity (non-carcinogenic), aquatic ecotoxicity and aquatic eutrophication; and both reduce 7-9% environmental impact in photochemical oxidation and global warming. In summary, owing to reduction of environmental impact categorically, VPP is revealed enough as the electricity consumption pattern to decrease environmental impact.