摘要
煞車為汽車各主要子系統中，與安全性最相關且重要的系統之一，因此，如何使煞車系統提供大而穩定之減速效果，一直以來都是工程師研究的重點項目；然而，煞車在長期反覆作動下，零組件會面臨各種老化問題，進而影響行車安全，所以本研究即著眼於此，首先針對汽車碟煞系統進行失效模式與影響性分析，並將結果繪製成風險矩陣，找出最為關鍵之失效元件；接著，利用相關磨耗理論，建立關鍵失效元件之壽命預估模式，以定論式的分析方法進行老化評估；最後，本研究導入可靠度分析之相關理論，以上述壽命預估模式為基礎，建構一套機率式之評估模式，並透過範例之計算，求出元件之可靠度、失效率、平均失效時間等相關參數；另外，本文亦針對系統運用ARINC法進行可靠度分配，以求得固定系統可靠度之下，各主要零件之適當可靠度。本研究的結果顯示，來令片滑動磨耗為碟煞系統最關鍵之失效模式，而防止煞車液滲漏之元件則有需要改善的地方；另外，在合理的假設條件下，以定論式之分析法可求得四輪來令片平均壽命，而以機率式之評估模式可算出此時來令片之可靠度為與失效率分別為何。
並列摘要
Brake is considered one of the most important systems related to the safety of a vehicle. How to provide strong and stable deceleration by brakes has long been a major design concern for engineers. In general, brake parts face various aging problems after a long period of operation. It definitely affects the safety of a vehicle. The purpose of the present thesis is to carry out a reliability study of disk brake systems used in vehicles. First, failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is carried out to find possible failure modes of components of a brake system, and to identify the key component that is most vulnerable to failure. Tribology theory is then used to construct a life prediction model of the key component. The life of the brake system can be evaluated accordingly. Afterwards, a probabilistic assessment model is proposed to estimate the reliability and failure rate of the key component. Finally, ARINC method is adopted to allocate component failure rates of the brake system. Through the study, it is found that sliding wear of the brake pad is the most serious problem of a disk brake system. The cup and seal are other components that have to be watched carefully. The thesis also illustrasted that, under reasonable assumptions, the expected life, reliability and failure rate of the brake pad can all be predicted.