本研究探討匯率波動對台灣的三大出口國家:美國、日本及中國大陸的影響。藉由GARCH模型的條件變異數來衡量匯率波動。本研究首先對變數進行單根檢定,確定變數為同階定態後,再對變數進行Johansen共整合檢定,檢定非定態時間序列之間是否存在共整合關係,之後再根據向量誤差修正模型及Granger因果關係檢定探討變數的長、短期因果關係。 研究結果顯示,當匯率受到衝擊後,日本的匯率波動持續性最強,其次為中國大陸,美國的匯率波動持續性在三個國家當中最弱。共整合檢定結果顯示台灣對美國、日本及中國大陸的實質出口,與三個國家的實質所得、實質匯率及名目匯率波動變數之間,經過一組線性組合轉換後,存在長期穩定的關係。實質所得部分,美國及日本的實質所得與實質出口呈負相關,中國大陸的實質所得合乎原先預期與實質出口呈正相關。實質匯率部分,美國與日本的實質匯率合乎原先預期,與實質出口呈正相關,中國大陸的實質匯率則與實質出口呈負相關。最後,名目匯率波動部分,美國、日本及中國大陸的名目匯率波動對台灣的出口量皆為負向影響。 向量誤差修正模型結果顯示,台灣對美國的實質出口每個月將以8%的幅度往長期均衡調整,台灣對中國大陸的實質出口每個月將以1.9%的幅度往長期均衡調整。在短期內美元的名目匯率波動對台灣出口至美國的影響不確定,人民幣的名目匯率波動對台灣出口至中國大陸為負向影響。
This paper analyses the influence of exchange rate volatility on the real exports of Taiwan to United States, Japan and China. GARCH models are used to generate a measure of exchange rate volatility. We adopt the ADF unit root test to examine whether the variables are used in export equations are stationary or not. By Johansen cointegration test, we find that the cointegration exist for United States, Japan and China’s export equation. The Vector Error Correction Model and Granger causality test are applied to find out the long-term and short-term relationship between the variables are used in export equations. We obtain the result that a stationary long run equilibrium relationship exists between Taiwan’s real exports to the United States, Japan, and China, and its determinants respectively. The nominal exchange rate volatility has negative effects on Taiwan’s real exports to the United States, Japan and China. The result from Vector Error Correction Model indicates that the effect of nominal exchange rate volatility on real export is uncertain in the short run.