- 學位論文
能量分配與溫度的交互作用影響幼魚成長率: 以二種亞熱帶礁魚為例
Interactive effects of allometric energy and temperature on larval growth rates for two subtropical reef fish species
摘要
仔魚成長率容易受到環境變化的影響，進而造成入添量的變化。因此，研究仔魚成長率如何隨環境變異有助於評估入添量在不同環境的變化。溫度會影響仔魚的代謝能量，而代謝能量分配到成長的比例變化決定仔魚的成長率。然而，關於這兩種因子如何交互影響仔魚成長率，目前的實地研究仍然稀少。因此，我們建立了一個異速成長模型來評估物種內代謝能量分配到仔魚成長的比例的區域間變化(即仔魚成長的能量變化率的異速係數和指數的變化)。結合這個模型及溫度對初期浮游期和沉降時體型的影響，我們的目標為提升對仔魚成長率變異度的解釋力。為了確保研究資料包含足夠的初期浮游期、沉降時的體型與溫度的變化，我們以兩種廣泛分布且數量豐富的亞熱帶珊瑚礁魚：褐深鰕虎(Bathygobius fuscus)和梭地雀鯛(Abudefduf sordidus)為研究物種，收集並分析從臺灣到日本(22-32°N) 的4個地區(九州中部、奄美大島、臺灣北部和臺灣南部)採集的樣本。我們的假說為，異速係數和指數的區域變化及溫度對初期浮游期和沉降時體型的影響決定了仔魚成長率。結果顯示，在不同地區，B. fuscus的異速係數和指數隨緯度下降，而A. sordidus則沒有顯著差異。同時，溫度上升對兩物種的初期浮游期和沉降時體型造成單峰的影響。我們的模型與仔魚絕對成長率(即沉降時的體型和初期浮游期的比率)均顯示B. fuscus的仔魚成長率在區域間為單峰變化而A. sordidus的仔魚成長率則隨緯度呈下降趨勢。此外我們的模型更進一步呈現仔魚成長率的變異程度會受到能量分配到仔魚成長的比例影響。例如，在異速指數較大的溫帶地區，B. fuscus的仔魚成長率變異更大。透過了解代謝能量投資到成長的比例在區域間的差異，我們的模型可提高評估仔魚成長率的空間變異，進而提升族群入添量的動態評估。
並列摘要
Influenced by the metabolic and developmental rates, larval growth rates should reflect environmental temperature and energy allocation strategies. However, few field studies investigate joint effects of these drivers on larval growth rates. Here, we developed an allometric growth model to evaluate within-species variation in rates of energy allocation to larval growth rates; i.e. by means of variation in allometric coefficient and exponent of rates of energy of larval growth rates. In addition, we explored temperature effects on pelagic larval durations (PLDs) and settlement size, which determines larval growth rates. To simulate a wide range of variation in temperature and larval traits, we used a latitudinal design combining two intertidal reef fish surveys: in Taiwan (22-25 °N) and Japan (28-32 °N), in the northwestern Pacific. We focused on two widespread and abundant subtropical reef fishes that are easily sampled in tidepools: Bathygobius fuscus and Abudefduf sordidus. We hypothesized that regional variation in strategies of energy allocation (i.e., variation in allometric exponent) and temperature effects on PLDs and settlement size account for larval growth rates among regions within each species. We found that allometric coefficient and exponent for larval growth rates varied significantly among regions (i.e. decreased in lower latitudes) for B. fuscus but not for A. sordidus. Also, latitudinal temperature variation elicited unimodal effects on PLDs and settlement size for both species. Regional variation in allometric exponent and temperature effects on PLDs interactively led to a unimodal change of larval growth rates among regions for B. fuscus but decreasing rates in lower latitudes for A. sordidus. Compared to absolute larval growth rates (i.e. ratios of settlement size to PLDs), our model explains higher among- and within-region variance of larval growth rates with PLDs and settlement size alone. By revealing among-region variation in strategies of energy allocation for larval growth rates, our model serves a tool for evaluating spatial variation in recruitment dynamics of marine fishes.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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