水溫對美洲大口鱸魚幼苗成長、存活、攝餌量及耐溫性之影響

The effects of water temperature on the growth, survival, feed intake and thermal tolerance of Micropterus salmoides fry

陳毅凡(Yi-Fan Chen)

指導教授 ： 葉文吉

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/水產養殖系所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2007.00014

摘要

本論文利用31天之養殖試驗來評估水溫對美洲大口鱸 Micropterus salmoides的成長、存活、攝餌量以及耐溫性的影響。
美洲大口鱸幼苗(4.17 ± 0.14 g) 36尾一組，分別飼養於27、30、33以及36 ℃四種水溫，用商業性鱸魚飼料(45％粗蛋白以及16 ％脂肪)一天餵食2次直到飽食為止。每一水溫3重複。餵食31天後，飼養於27、30、33以及36 ℃之幼苗平均體重分別為23.3 ± 4.5 g、23.5 ± 4.3 g、18.9 ± 3.8 g以及11.6 ± 2.5 g，27及30 ℃兩組之平均體重明顯大於33及36 ℃兩組。體重的變異係數（coefficient of variation,CV）各處理組之間無顯著差異；幼苗日成長率（specific growth rate）分別為61.53 ± 1.39％、62.13 ± 0.28％、47.43 ± 1.29％以及24.25 ± 0.49％，27及30 ℃兩組之日成長率顯著大於33及36 ℃兩組。幼苗增重百分比（percentage weight gain）分別為452.03％ ± 20.61、457％ ± 16.56、352.5％ ± 9.85 以及182.5％ ± 10.84，前兩組之增重百分比顯著大於後兩組。日成長率和增重百分比在30 ℃以後隨飼養溫度升高而降低。
存活率（survival rate,％）在27、30、和33℃處理組均為100％，而在36 ℃處理組為30.55 ± 16.9 %，36 ℃處理組存活率明顯比其他處理組低。
攝餌量（Feed intake、％day-1）27、30、33和36 ℃處理組分別為3.19 ± 0.06％、3.21 ± 0.05％、3.10 ± 0.02％以及2.71 ± 0.07％，36 ℃處理組明顯比27 ℃、30℃以及33 ℃處理組低。
飼料轉換率（Feed conversion ratio）在27、30、33和36 ℃處理組分別為0.71 ± 0.01、0.71 ± 0.02、0.77± 0.01以及0.88 ± 0.01，27和30 ℃之間無顯著性差異（p＞0.05），36 ℃處理組明顯比27 ℃、30℃以及33 ℃處理組低。
臨界溫度最大值（Critical thermal maxima,℃）在四種不同適應溫度分別為38.6 ± 0.2 ℃、40.5 ± 0.3 ℃、41.1 ±0.2以及41.7 ± 0.2 ℃，魚苗之臨界耐溫性溫度隨飼養溫度升高而有顯著增加之趨勢。
致死溫度（Leath temperature,℃）在四種不同適應溫度分別為39.3 ± 0.1 ℃、40.8 ± 0.2 ℃、41.5 ± 0.2 ℃以及42.1 ± 0.1 ℃，致死溫度隨飼養溫度升高而有顯著增加之趨勢。

關鍵字

美洲大口鱸 ； 耐溫性 ； 存活 ； 攝餌量 ； 成長 ； 溫度

並列摘要

This study aims to examine the effects of high temperature on the growth, survival, feed ingestion and thermal tolerance of Micropterus salmoides juvenile in glass fiber tank for 31 days.Feed-trained Micropterus salmoides fry (4.17 ± 0.14 g) were fed with a commercial bass diet （crude protein 45％、crude lipid 16 ％）twice daily to satiation. Four treatments 27, 30, 33 and 36 ℃for triplicate. Micropterus salmoides juvenile at 27, 30, 33 and 36 ℃average weight after fed 31 days were 23.3 ± 4.5 g, 23.5 ± 4.3 g, 18.9 ± 3.8 g and 11.6 ± 2.5 g, respectively. Coefficient of variation of body weight were no significant difference.Specific growth rate（％.day-1）were 61.53±1.42％, 62.14 ± 0.27％, 47.45 ± 1.28％ and 24.26 ± 0.49％, respectively Percentage weight gain were 452.03 ％ ±20.61 、457 ％ ±16.56 、352.5 ％ ±9.85 and 182.5 ％ ±10.21, respectively. Specific growth rate and Percentage weight gain significantly decrease with an increasing temperature after 30 ℃.
At 27, 30, 33 and 36 ℃ treatments the survival rate （％）were all 100 ％ but at 36 ℃ treatment the survival were 30.55 ± 16.9 %. Survival rate of 36 ℃ treatment were significantly higher than that of the other temperatures.
Feed intake（％/day）at four temperature acclimation were 3.19 ± 0.06 ％, 3.21 ± 0.13％, 3.10 ± 0.02％ and 2.71 ± 0.27％, respectively. Feed intake at 36 ℃ treatment were significantly lower than that at 27, 30 and 33 ℃ treatments.
Feed convert ratio（g.g-1）at four different temperature acclimation were 0.71 ± 0.01、0.71 ± 0.02、0.77 ± 0.01 and 0.88 ±0.01, respectively. There were no significant difference among 27, 30 and 33 ℃ treatments but feed
convert ratio at 36 ℃were significantly lower than that at the other temperatures.
Critical thermal tolerance at four different temperature treatments were 38.6 ± 0.2 ℃, 40.5 ± 0.3 ℃, 41.1 ±0.2 ℃ and 41.7 ± 0.2 ℃, respectively. Critical thermal tolerance were significantly increased with i an
ncreasing temperature.
Lethal temperature at four different temperature acclimation were 39.3 ± 0.1 ℃、40.8 ± 0.2 ℃、41.5 ± 0.2 ℃ and 42.1 ± 0.1 ℃, respectively. Lethal temperature were significantly increased with anincreasing temperature.

並列關鍵字

Micropterus salmoides ； temperature ； growth ； feed intake ； thermal tolerance ； lethal temperature

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