利用分子標記與譜系資料估計水稻品種間的遺傳距離

Genetic Distances among Rice Varieties Estimated by Coefficient of Coancestry and Molecular Markers

盧佳甫(Chia-Fu Lu)

指導教授 ： 胡凱康

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/農藝學研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.02471

摘要

水稻(Oryza sativa)是台灣栽培面積最廣的的糧食作物，了解水稻品種間的遺傳距離能幫助育種者利用現有優良品種的遺傳資源。估算水稻品種間的遺傳距離可以利用許多方式，在本次實驗當中，我們選用了SSR，AFLP，RAPD三種最為有效常見的分子標記，配合以譜系估算的親緣係數進行25個台灣稉稻品種遺傳距離的測定。由實驗結果得知親緣係數與分子標記估算的品種距離兩者之間相關程度不高。此現象可能來自親緣係數估算的偏差或是分子標記數量不足或分布不均所致。3種分子標記中，SSR與親緣係數的相關程度較高，也與譜系資料最為相符。AFLP除了少數的品種出現不合理的分群情形，與SSR對品種間遺傳距離的估算大致相同，RAPD分子標記則與譜系資料差異最大。

關鍵字

遺傳相似度 ； 分子標記 ； 譜系 ； 親緣係數 ； 水稻 ； 遺傳距離

並列摘要

Rice (Oryza sativa) is the most important grain crop inTaiwan. Understanding genetic distance among rice varieties may help breeders to utilize the rice germplasm. There are many methods could be used to estimate genetic distance in rice. We used three marker systems: SSR(Simple Squence repeat), AFLP(Ampilified Fragment Lenth Polymorphism), RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA) and coefficient of coancestry to determine genetic relatedness among elite major rice varieties. Correlations between molecular marker and coefficient of coancestry estimates are low. It might be caused by bias of coefficient of coancestry estimates , not enough number of molecular markers or markers spread in genome unevenly. Correlations between SSR estimates and coefficient of coancestry is higher and correspond better to pedigree data than other markers. AFLP estimates are roughly similar with SSR, but some estimates appears unreasonable. RAPD estimates are most different when compared with pedigree data.

並列關鍵字

Coefficient of Coancestry ； Rice ； Genetic Distance ； genetic similarity ； pedigree ； genetic distance ； molecular marker

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