香葉天竺葵 Pelargonium graveolens及P. capitatum cv. Attar of Rose之葉片香氣成分分析-葉齡及白化處理的影響

Analysis of leaf volatile constituents of Pelargonium graveolens and P. capitatum cv. Attar of Rose -effect of leaf age and etiolation

廖俊銘(Jun-Ming Liao)

指導教授 ： 張祖亮

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝學研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2008.03228

摘要

本研究利用固相微萃取法（solid-phase microextraction, SPME）及氣相層析質譜儀（gas chromatography - mass spectrometry, GC-MS）進行玫瑰天竺葵（Pelargonium graveolens）及花頭天竺葵（Pelargonium capitatum cv. Attar of Rose）之葉片香氣成分分析。並研究（1）香氣成分隨葉齡變化之情形及（2）葉片白化處理對香氣成分之影響。
研究結果首先確立分析條件，以4∼5片直徑2 mm之葉圓片並以SPME於60℃下吸附4分鐘為最佳條件。研究結果顯示，葉齡會影響玫瑰天竺葵及花頭天竺葵之香氣成分，menthone、citronellol、geraniol、citronellyl formate、β-caryophyllene、3,7-guaiadiene會隨葉齡的增加而減少，且達顯著差異。葉齡達第三或第四週時葉片之香氣成分總含量最高，此時葉片生長將至成熟葉狀態，第五週為成熟之展開葉，之後便開始隨葉齡的增加而減少。trans-rose oxide不管在單位面積或是葉片總含量，以葉齡一週時含量最低，而隨著葉齡的增加而累積。
玫瑰天竺葵及花頭天竺葵在未遮陰及白化處理中，SPAD計讀值變化與各成分含量變化並無達到顯著差異，表示葉綠素變化與各成分含量並無顯著之關係。
玫瑰天竺葵在未遮陰及白化處理中citronellol與geraniol；citronellyl formate與β-caryophyllene；citronellyl formate 與3,7-guaiadiene；β-caryophyllene與3,7-guaiadiene這四組成分含量變化相互關連並達顯著差異，表示光照與否皆不會影響這四組的關連性。白化遮陰處理中trans-rose oxide與citronellol；trans-rose oxide與geraniol；menthone與citronellyl formate；menthone與β-caryophyllene；menthone與3,7-guaiadiene這五組成分則在白化處理中才觀察到相互影響之關係並達到顯著差異，表示光照會影響對這五組成分之含量變化。
花頭天竺葵未遮陰與白化處理皆有之關係組合為menthone與citronellyl formate；menthone與3,7-guaiadiene；β-caryophyllene與3,7-guaiadiene這三組並達到顯著差異，表示光照與否並不會影響其成分含量變化之關連性。經過白化處理而消失的menthone與β-caryophyllene，和經過白化處理而出現的citronellyl formate與β-caryophyllene；citronellyl formate與3,7-guaiadiene這三組則表示光照會影響對這三組成分含量變化之關係。
花頭天竺葵葉片白化處理後恢復光照之過程，其成分menthone, citronellol, citronellyl formate, β-caryophyllene, 3,7-guaiadiene之含量隨光照天數的增加而逐漸減少並達到顯著差異。表示白化後恢復光照並無法使其香氣成分恢復。SPAD值與各成分含量AI值之相關性，只有menthone在恢復光照第2∼5天，其SPAD值與成分含量之AI值為正相關並達到顯著差異，其餘citronellol, citronellyl formate, β-caryophyllene, 3,7-guaiadiene之成分含量AI值與SPAD值並無達顯著差異。

關鍵字

玫瑰天竺葵 ； 花頭天竺葵 ； 固相微萃取法 ； 葉齡 ； 白化

並列摘要

The research utilizes solid-phase microextraction （SPME）and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）to analysis P. graveolens and P. capitatum cv. Attar of Rose leaf volatile constituents. And research the volatile constituents of leaf in （1）effect of leaf age and （2）etiolation.
Result of research establish terms of analysis at first, the best analysis terms is using 4~5 leaf discs and SPME to extract the volatile constituents for 4 minutes in 60℃. The result showed that the leaf age could influence leaf volatile constituents of P. graveolens and P. capitatum cv. Attar of Rose. The volatile constituents content of the leaf per unit area, including menthone, citronellol, geraniol, citronellyl formate, β-caryophyllene and 3,7-guaiadiene, decreased with the leaf age and the variation reached significant difference. The total volatile constituents content of the leaf would reach to maximum when the leaf were about three weeks old or four weeks old, and the leaf would become mature nearly. The total content of leaf volatile constituent started to reduce with leaf age when the leaf were five weeks old and full expanded to mature. As for the total leaf area per unit area, the content of trans-rose oxide would reach to maximum when the leaf were one week old and increased with the leaf age.
In etiolation and non-etiolation treatment of P. graveolens and P. capitatum cv. Attar of Rose, the variation of SPAD reading and each volatile content had no significant difference. That showed there’s no obvious correlation between chlorophyll change and content of each constituent.
In etiolation and non-etiolation treatment of P. graveolens, citronellol and geraniol; citronellyl formate and β-caryophyllene; citronellyl formate and 3,7-guaiadiene; β-caryophyllene and 3,7-guaiadiene, the variation of volatile constituent content to each other of these 4 groups didn’t reach significant difference. And it showed that etiolation could not effect the relation of these 4 groups. In etiolation treatment, trans-rose oxide and citronellol; trans-rose oxide and geraniol; menthone and citronellyl formate; menthone and β-caryophyllene; menthone and 3,7-guaiadiene, the variation between each other of these 5 groups reached significant difference. It showed that sunlight could effect these 5 groups of constituents.
There were 3 groups constituents in etiolation and non-etiolation treatment of P. capitatum cv. Attar of Rose, including menthone and citronellyl formate; menthone and 3,7-guaiadiene; β-caryophyllene and 3,7-guaiadiene, and the variation between each other of these 3 groups reached significant difference. It showed that sunlight could not effect these 3 groups of constituents. In etiolation treatment the relation of menthone and β-caryophyllene became non-significant different, and in etiolation treatment, the relation of citronellyl formate and β-caryophyllene could effect by sunlight.
In etiolation treatment and resumed to sunlight of P. capitatum cv. Attar of Rose leaf, the volatile constituents content of menthone, citronellol, citronellyl formate , β-caryophyllene, 3,7-guaiadiene would decrease by the days after treatment and the variation reached significant difference. It showed that etiolation resumed to sunlight could not restore the volatile constituent content. The correlation with SPAD reading and AI value of each constituent, only menthone reached significant difference when resumed to sunlight 2~5 days, the other constituents, such as citronellol, citronellyl formate, β-caryophyllene and 3,7-guaiadiene, did not reach significant difference.

並列關鍵字

Pelargonium graveolens ； Pelargonium capitatum cv. Attar of Rose ； SPME ； leaf age ； etiolation

參考文獻

1. 邱國偉. 2006. 玫瑰花茶製程之研究. 國立台灣大學食品科技研究所碩士論文.

2. 孫德超. 2006. 以頂空固相萃取法分析pyrazines類化合物含量與acrylamid生成量關係. 國立台灣大學食品科技研究所碩士論文.

3. 陳盈如. 2006. 應用固相微萃取技術於土肉桂及台灣肖楠葉揮發成分之分析. 國立台灣大學森林系碩士論文.

8. Adams, R. P. 1995. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry. Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, IL, USA.

9. Augusto, F. and A. L. P. Valente. 2002. Application of solid-phase microextraction to chemical analysis of live biological samples. Trends in Analytical Chemistry 21:428-438.