我國風力發電之環境衝擊與經濟效益評估

Assessment of Environmental Impact and Economic Benefit on Wind-Powered Energy in Taiwan

蕭嘉豪(Jia-Hao Xiao)

指導教授 ： 吳文方

國立臺灣大學/工學院/工業工程學研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2009.03344

摘要

本文選定三種不同裝置容量之風機方案，利用情境分析建立不同風速之風場條件，藉以評估各風機方案與不同風場情境間風潛力與發電量之變化，並分別以生命週期評估與淨現值法作為環境衝擊及經濟效益之評估工具，藉由量化指標比較其對能源、環境與經濟之影響。本文評估結果顯示，每提高5%風力發電占我國電力系統之比例，每瓩小時約可減少30.39 g之二氧化碳排放量，而裝置容量600 kW之小型風機在三種風機方案中具有低環境衝擊及高經濟效益之優勢。本文也發現，風速係風場之關鍵因素，故應謹慎評估場址條件。在環境衝擊方面，本文發現運輸階段約佔整體環境衝擊之38%~46%，因此發展再生能源應審慎考量運輸所帶來之環境衝擊。對風機而言，本文發現每提升10%的自製率，每瓩小時可減少40.32 μPt至128.02 μPt之環境衝擊。在經濟效益方面，本文發現現行風力發電收購電價過低，若欲發展風力發電，應適當提高收購電價。另外，設置裝置容量4500 kW離岸之大型風機，每瓩小時發電成本為新臺幣2.66元，與其他風機方案相較並不具經濟效益，但每具風機每年可減少3,658~10,631噸二氧化碳排放量，其節碳效果相當可觀。

關鍵字

能源 ； 風力發電 ； 生命週期評估 ； 情境分析

並列摘要

The purpose of the present study is to assess the environmental impacts and economic benefits of three different wind turbine generators (WTG) having different capabilities, and make comparison among the three WTGs. For each WTG, the energy generated and its variation is evaluated based on scenarios of various wind fields. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Net Present Value (NPV) analysis are then performed. Based on quantitative indexes resulted from LCA and NPV analysis, the amount of energy generated, its environmental impact and its economic benefit for each WTG are obtained and compared. It is found through this study that, no matter which kind of WTG is used, the amount of CO2 would decrease 30.39 g per kWh approximately if the wind-powered energy increases 5% of the total energy consumed in Taiwan. In comparison among the three studied WTGs, the one with capability of 600 kW is considered the best in both aspects of environmental protection and economic benefit. It is also found that wind speed is a very crucial factor for wind-powered energy generation. Hence, the location of wind power station should be selected carefully. With regard to the environmental impact, it is found that about 38% to 46% of the total environmental impact arises during transportation stage. Therefore, transportation stage should be considered carefully when developing renewable wind-powered energy. Another finding of the present research is that the environmental impact index would decrease 40.32 μPt to 128.02 μPt per kWh if the amount of domestic-made WTG components increases 10%. With respect to the economic benefit, the present study finds the current acquisition price of wind-powered energy is too low and should be raised reasonably. According to the present study, the cost of wind-powered energy is approximately 2.6 NTD per kWh if the WTG of 4,500 kW capacity is used, which is higher than results of two other smaller types of WTGs. However, it can saved the CO2 emission of about 3,658 to 10,631 tons per year, which is considerable large.

並列關鍵字

Energy ； Life Cycle Assessment ； Eco-indicator 99 ； Scenario Analysis

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