臺灣華語與閩南語混用現象研究：以混合詞使用為例

Code-Mixing of Taiwan Mandarin and Southern-Min: A Case Study of the Use of Hybrid Words

何姵萱(Pei-Hsuan Ho)

指導教授 ： 劉德馨

國立臺灣大學/文學院/華語教學碩士學位學程/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202002150

摘要

本研究旨在調查臺灣社會存在的臺灣華語與閩南語的混用現象，臺灣華語與閩南語是現今臺灣社會最常使用的語言，兩者在頻繁的語言接觸影響下產生了語碼轉換及混用的現象，然而，關於臺灣華語及閩南語的混用現象研究卻稍顯不足，且現有文獻少以統計方式量化其使用狀況。在此基礎下，筆者欲清楚分辨語碼轉換及語碼混用的界線、並以「國臺混合詞」的調查為切入點，討論臺灣華語與閩南語的混用現象，探討其原因，並以量化問卷的方式呈現現代臺灣社會國臺混合詞的研究統計數據，接著以質化方式分析母語人士對於兩種語言的語音調適現象。
根據筆者所列舉的 25 筆國臺混合詞及自創的6 筆語料之統計結果顯示：臺灣華語與閩南語的混用現象普遍存在於臺灣社會，且會受到地區、年齡及性別等因素的影響，已出現類化現象。統計結果顯示南部地區的人們使用國臺混合詞的比例較中、北部高；年紀大的人們也有較常使用國臺混合詞的趨勢；相對於地區及年齡，較無法從性別因素看出與國臺混合詞的使用者差異。就混合詞本身而言，形容詞類的混合詞有較高的使用比例，其次為名詞類，最後是動詞類。使用國臺混合詞的原因除了填補語意空缺、語言相似度高之外，還會因為語言接觸頻繁及語言態度、傳統文化、對話者等相關因素而產生影響。

至於語音調適的部分，則是以 praat 語音軟體，分析兩位母語人士對帶有鼻音的國臺混合詞的發音，結果顯示具有閩南語背景的人在聲譜圖上可以看見其鼻音共振峰，沒有語言背景的人則無，表示閩南語背景確實會影響混合詞的發音狀況。

關鍵字

語碼轉換 ； 語碼混用 ； 臺灣華語 ； 閩南語 ； 語音調適

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to examine the mixed use of Taiwan Mandarin and Southern-Min in Taiwan society. Taiwan Mandarin and Southern-Min are the mostcommonly used languages in Taiwan society today. Under the influence of languagecontact, the phenomenon of code-switching and code-mixing between the twolanguages have occurred. However, there is little research on the code-mixingphenomenon of Taiwan Mandarin and Southern-Min, and the existing literature rarelyuse statistical analysis to quantify their research. Therefore, the goals of this researchare as follow: first, clearly distinguish the boundary between code-switching and codemixing; second, discuss the phenomenon of the mixed use of Taiwan Mandarin and Southern-Min through the hybrid words; third, find out the reasons of this phenomenon by quantify the data of the questionnaire and then qualitatively analyze the pronunciation of three mixed words from two native speakers.
According to the research result, with the investigation of 25 mixed words and 6 self-created mixed words, the phenomenon of the mixed use of Taiwan Mandarin and Southern-Min is common in Taiwan society. The phenomenon is influenced mainly by two factors: region and age. Also, the generalization effect of code-switching and codemixing of the two languages will be discussed. The statistic shows that people from southern region tend to use hybrid words more than from central and northern region.
There is also a positive correlation between age and the use of code-mixed words. On the other hand, gender does not play an important role according to the research. As to the words used, adjective is the most frequently used category, with noun comes the second and verb the least. The reason of code-mixing includes: to fill semantic vacancy, the similarity between two languages, frequent contact of the two languages and other factors such as traditional culture, attitudes toward the languages.
The phonetic part is to analyze the pronunciation of mixed words by using praat. According to the pectrogram, a nasal formant is observed from a native speaker of Southern-Min but not from a non-native Southern-Min speaker. This indicate that the language background of Southern-Min will influence the nasal sound of mixed words.

並列關鍵字

code-switching ； code-mixing ； Taiwan Mandarin ； Southern Min ； speaker adaption

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