十二年國教課綱性別平等教育議題融入之政策形成：以多元性別為焦點

本研究旨在分析十二年國教課綱性別平等教育議題融入之政策形成，應用倡導聯盟架構觀點探討影響本政策形成的相對穩定變項及外在次級系統事件、次級系統內不同參與者的信念體系、不同參與者的策略性行動等內涵及其影響，以及政策研訂歷程、政策導向學習及聯盟菁英受信念體系的影響等。本研究應用半結構式訪談及文件分析進行資料蒐集，輔以文獻及文件的統計資料作為質性研究三角檢正之用，提升研究之信實度。本研究邀請國教院議題工作圈團隊、立法委員、支持與反對多元性別觀點聯盟團體及教育核心團體等菁英代表，共13位參與者。應用半結構式訪談大綱進行一對一訪談。採編輯式分析法進行資料分析，繕打語料文本、確認語料單元、發展單元類別及詮釋等步驟，最後進行研究結果的報導。本研究發現多元文化價值的來臨及性平教育相關法案的制定是促成政策形成的重要背景，加上有關多元性別觀點公共輿論變遷、執政黨政策意向及多元成家法案政策次級系統共伴效應等統內各參與者/聯盟團體群星薈萃，各參與者/聯盟團體共享信念體系；次級系統內參與者/聯盟團體透過各種策略性行動，相互競逐與攻防，企圖影響政策之研訂；參與者/聯盟團體展現「由下而上」及「由上而下」整合模式路徑促成政策形成；在參與者/聯盟團體運作下，性平教育議題融入政策文件進行滾動式修訂；不同參與者/聯盟菁英的政策學習對政策形成影響各有差異；聯盟菁英受信念體系的影響，產生惡魔轉移及零和遊戲的競逐，致賽局延長。建議未來在政策研訂上，促成專業團隊組成政策仲介者有助政策形成、掌握外在次級系統事件有利聯盟策略規劃、善導社會大眾政策學習有助政策形成/變遷及推動公投提案有助社會大眾之政策參與；針對教育行政機關、參與者/聯盟團體及學校教育人員提出未來政策執行的建議；建議未來可探討本政策實施現況、成效及影響；應用倡導聯盟架構分析具衝突性之政策形成，應用政策回饋理論分析政策制定後如何形塑新的政治氛圍及影響下一波政策之制訂，應用敘事政策架構探討敘事者如何透過故事影響參與者/聯盟團體的信念；未來可採取質性研究與量化研究取徑並用；發展信念體系三層次的量化問卷，分析聯盟成員信念體系的一致性與歧異性。

關鍵字

十二年國教課綱；多元性別；性別平等教育；政策形成；倡導聯盟

並列摘要

The aim of this study was to analyze the policy formation for the integration of gender equality education issue in the 12-year basic education curriculum Guidelines. With advocacy coalition framework perspective, the influences swaying the above-mentioned policy formation are discussed, including relatively stable parameters and external subsystem events, belief system withheld by different actors within the subsystem, their strategies, what’s behind it and related repercussions. Policy process, policy-oriented learning and elites persuaded by the belief system and so on are discussed as well. This study applies methods such as semi-structured interview and document analysis to collect data. Documents and analytical data for a qualitative research on breaking down triangulation enhance the trustworthiness. This study involves one-on-one semi-structured interview with team members from National Academy for Educational Research, legislators, both groups for- and against-gender diversity, and educational core groups; with the total of 13 participants. Analysis of interview texts were conducted in editing analysis style to type up text corpus, confirm corpus units, develop unit genres, interpret and so on, concluding with the report on analysis results. This study finds the forming of culture diversity values and the formulating of gender equality education acts are two key premises that facilitate the policy formation. Plus, changes toward public opinion on gender diversity policy subsystem, directions of policies of ruling party, the external subsystem events like the social movement for diverse family formation bill and its companion effects, as well as chances and limits provided for coalitions within subsystem; under subsystem, the actors/coalitions are actor constellations. They share belief system in the same coalitions. Actors/coalitions within subsystem compete and scheme using strategies, with an attempt to influence the policy-making process; the bottom-up, top-down integration path brought by actors/coalitions accelerate policy formation. Also thanks to actors/coalitions, gender equality education issues assimilate into policy documents for rolling revision. Different actors/coalitions have different policy learning that lead to different levels of influence regarding policy formation; elites are affected by the belief system and demonstrate the “devil shift” and “zero-sum game”, finally delay the games. For the future of policy-making, it is better to have a professional team of policy brokers who help the formation, handle external subsystem events is beneficial for planning strategies. Guiding the public by policy oriented learning, which helps policy formation/change; promoting referendum proposals helps the public to participate in policy-making. Suggestions for future policy execution from educational administrations, actors/coalitions, and school educators are to discuss this policy implementation, results and effects; apply advocacy coalition framework to analyze the formation of conflicting policies, and policy feedback theory to analyze the aftermath of the formation, including the shaping of political atmosphere and the influence if next policy-making; apply narrative policy framework to find out that narrators could sway the actors’ belief system by telling stories; incorporate both approaches of qualitative and quantitative research for ACF; create three-tier quantitative surveys in order to analyze coalition members’ consistency and divergence of belief system.