加班對工作滿意度及工作績效影響之研究－以人格特質為干擾變數

隨著時代的變遷與職場的激烈競爭，加班情形在職場上已普遍存在，似乎也成為上班族生活中的一部分。加班的目的原來是為了利用更多的時間來完成急需要完成的工作；但以台灣職場現況來說，加班的目的似乎已不僅是為了完成工作，還可能是欲滿足主管的價值觀與同事的觀感等不同的動機，然而，加班真的對工作績效及工作滿意度有提升嗎?此一直是實務界與學術界想去深入了解的議題，此議題正是本研究欲去探討的。本研究透過國內外與加班相關議題研究文獻之回顧，及針對金融業的在職人員進行實證調查，來探討加班對員工的工作滿意度與工作績效的影響，並以人格特質作為干擾變數，去了解其在加班與工作滿意度以及工作績效之間是否存在干擾效果。本研究有下列重要發現： 1. 加班對於企業員工之工作滿意度及工作績效有顯著負向影響，即加班時數越高則工作滿意度及工作績效就越低。 2. 工作滿意度對工作績效有顯著正向影響，即工作滿意度越高則工作績效的表現也會越好。 3. 在五大人格特質中，神經質、外向性及經驗開放性對於工作滿意度與工作績效之間具有顯著的干擾效果。

關鍵字

加班；工作滿意度；工作績效；五大人格特質

並列摘要

As the era changes and the intense competition in the workplace, overtime working universally exists in the workplace and seems to have become a part of people’s life. The original goal of overtime working is to finish urgent work with more time, for Taiwan’s current situation, but it seems to be not only for completing work but may also for satisfying some different motivation such as consider the supervisor’s and colleagues’ personal value. However, does working overtime really increase job performance and job satisfaction? This has always been an issue that the practical and the academic communities hope to understand, and it is also the issue this study will explore. This study aims at reviewing prior domestic and foreign literatures in the issues related to working overtime and conducting an empirical survey on the working people in the financial industry, in order to explore the impact of overtime on employees’ job satisfaction and job performance. In addition, personality traits are served as the moderating variable for understanding whether there exists a moderating effect among overtime, job satisfaction and job performance. The study has following important findings: 1. There is a significantly negative effect of working overtime on a company’s employee job satisfaction and job performance；i.e., if the overtime working hour is higher, job satisfaction and job performance are lower. 2. Job satisfaction has a significantly positive effect on job performance；i.e., if job satisfaction is higher, job performance will also increase. 3. Among the Big Five personality traits, neuroticism, extraversion and openness to experience have a significant moderating effect between job satisfaction and job performance.