糧食安全保障之研究-從日本的對策探討我國的因應

受到全球人口增長、新興國家經濟成長、糧食穀物轉向生質能源、氣候變遷及石油價格上漲等因素，導致世界糧食供需失衡，糧食安全備受全球重視。糧食始終是維繫人類生命和健康所不可或缺的基本要素，其重要性無可替代。我國在加入WTO之後對全世界開放市場，歐美粗放農業低成本農產品大量進入台灣，國內農產品無力競爭，紛紛棄守原有市場。日本與台灣同樣面臨了農田休耕、廢耕、農民接受政府補助、大量農地流失、從業人口極度老化、農事斷層；加上飲食習慣改變，西式烘焙麵食取代了傳統東方米食，動物性蛋白質攝取增加，進口穀物大量用於飼養牲畜，種種因素皆導致日本與台灣糧食自給率低下等諸多問題。 2020年在COVID-19疫情的威脅下更顯糧食安全保障的重要性。農業的未來發展以及產業升級、轉型更是備受關注。本文研究世界糧食安全，針對日台二地糧食產量結構與分配問題，糧食自給率以及糧食國產化率的概念，借鏡日本在糧食與農業問題上的管理措施、產業六級化，以及食農教育等措施的推動，對比台灣政府的糧食安全與農業管理措施，提醒國人重新認識農業的地位與重要性，建立完善的農業政策，提升糧食自給率，積極應對糧食安全課題。

關鍵字

人口成長；氣候變遷；糧食安全；農業政策；糧食自給率；糧食國產化；產業六級化；食農教育

並列摘要

Affected by global population growth, economic growth in emerging countries, the shift from grain to biomass energy, climate change, and Factors such as rising oil prices have led to an imbalance in world food supply and demand, and food security has attracted global attention. Food is always It is an indispensable element of human life and health, and its importance is irreplaceable. my country’s entry into WTO Later, the market was opened to the whole world, and European and American extensive agricultural low-cost agricultural products entered Taiwan in large quantities, and domestic agricultural products were unable to compete. Struggle, have abandoned the original market. Japan and Taiwan also face fallow farmland, abandoned farmland, and farmers accepting government subsidies. Assistance, loss of a large number of agricultural land, extreme aging of the working population, agricultural faults; coupled with changes in eating habits, Western-style baked noodles Food has replaced traditional Eastern rice food, animal protein intake has increased, and imported grains have been used to raise livestock in large quantities. Factors have led to many problems such as the low self-sufficiency rate of food in Japan and Taiwan. In 2020, under the threat of the COVID-19 epidemic, the importance of food security will become more apparent. The future of agriculture And industrial upgrading and transformation have attracted more attention. This article studies world food security, focusing on food production in Japan and Taiwan Structure and distribution issues, the concepts of grain self-sufficiency rate and grain localization rate, borrowing from Japan’s The management measures on the subject, the six-level industrialization, and the promotion of food and agricultural education measures are compared with the Taiwanese government’s food security Comprehensive agricultural management measures remind people to re-recognize the status and importance of agriculture and establish a sound agricultural policy , Improve the self-sufficiency rate of food, and actively respond to food security issues.

並列關鍵字

population growth ； climate change ； food security ； agricultural policy ； food self-sufficiency rate ； food localization ； industry six Gradation ； Food and Agriculture Education

參考文獻

51. 張小玫(2016)，「無人機是商機，還是危機？」『科技政策觀點』。閱覽日期：2019年12月20日。https://portal.stpi.narl.org.tw/index/article/10265;jsessionid=CB1FE97D87790AAD4F08BFC8B3B214D7。

中文文獻