汽車車體損失保險理賠基礎與實務之探討

汽車保險向來是台灣地區產險公司的主要業務，其中車體損失保險的保費收入約為汽車保險保費收入的30%。在汽車保險市場中，有多種批單或附加條款讓被保險人選擇加保，以擴大承保範圍。本文即在就汽車保險單及批單或附加條款中有關理賠方式規範及實務作法，做一探討。本文介紹四種車體損失保險中理賠基礎，即實際現金價值、重置成本、新車購置成本及GAP保險。實際現金價值，是傳統的理賠基礎，以修復或重置遭受毀損的被保險汽車之成本減去折舊金額賠付給被保險人。重置成本理賠基礎，是以修理或重置遭受毀損的被保險汽車之成本等值金額賠付給被保險人。新車購置成本基礎，是以同廠牌或車型之全新汽車購置成本賠付給被保險人，但並非美國各州都有提供此種保障。GAP保險基礎，則賠付被保險人的汽車貸款餘額與汽車實際現金價值之差額部分，美國大多數的州，皆有提供此商品供消費者選擇，而我國汽車保險市場上尚無開發此類型保險商品，因此本保險似可考量引進，以保障購買汽車之多數貸款人。

關鍵字

汽車車體損失保險；實際現金價值；重置成本； GAP保險

並列摘要

Automobile insurance has always been the main business in the non-life insurance companies in Taiwan and its 30% premium income is from automobile physical damage insurance business. In the automobile insurance market, there are several endorsements or additional clauses of automobile physical damage insurance for insureds to choose to extend the coverages. This research is to study the indemnity base and practice according to the automobile insurance policy and its endorsements or additional clauses. We introduce four indemnity bases used to compensate the insured for the loss of damaged automobile, which are acutual cash value, replacement cost, new car replacement and GAP insurance. Actual cash value (ACV) is a traditional indemnity base to compensate the insured the cost repairing or replacing the damaged automobile, minus the depreciation. Replacement cost provides the insured with a payment equal to that cost which would be required to replace the damaged automobile or its items. New car replacement may not be available in all States of U.S.A., which provides the insured with the money for a brand new car that is the same make and model. The GAP (Guaranteed Auto Protection) insurance provided by most of States in U.S.A. covers the difference between the actual cash value and the owed lease or loan, but this coverage has’nt been used in Taiwan automobile insurance marker. This coverage seems suitable for Taiwan insurance market to protect many car loan borrowers.