從郭璞風水學說對中國殯葬文化創意產業之研究

中國傳承千年的風水學說深深影響著中華民族的殯葬思想與行為，從帝王到百姓均相當關心找到風水寶地以求政權千秋萬世或子孫富貴。歷來風水師研究的焦點就是風水如何影響子孫禍福。東晉時代的郭璞是風水學說承先啟後集大成者，他的《葬書》，成為了選擇葬地的代表作，書中闡明了父母風水影響子孫禍福的原理與卜葬之方法。隨著現代科學之昌明，風水學說有部分內容漸漸以科學可以建立假說或理論，讓人不再認為風水學說是一門玄學而更像是環境科學。中國殯葬文化揉合了風水學說ヽ儒家思想ヽ宗教背景ヽ民族風俗等因素，因此葬法也有許多種，這些一路發展下來的殯葬儀式也鑄就了中國殯葬產業的雛形新中國於1949年建政後，中國面臨人口眾多與土地利用分配的問題，加上傳統殯儀糜費甚巨與土葬占地之害，使殯葬改革成為必須進行之行動。而共產主義奉行的唯物思想正好成為一個思想工具，雖解脫了因現實層面考量而非傳統之現代殯葬行為之思想枷鎖。但半個多世紀以來中國殯葬改革過程中的衝突仍突顯了千年的殯葬文化與新時代殯葬政策之間的矛盾。文化中的問題仍應回到文化中找答案，因此殯葬改革的順利推行必須結合傳統風水觀念的文化元素加上新式的創意設計，迎合新時代的思想潮流。殯葬產業的消費行為是殯葬文化的延伸，蛻變成殯葬文化創意產業方能使殯葬產業不僅只是商業性質的產業，而是兼具文化性質的產業。

關鍵字

風水學；郭璞；葬書；唯物論；殯葬文化創意產業

並列摘要

The geomantic theory, which has been passed down for thousands of years in China, has deeply influenced the funeral ideology and activity of the Chinese nation. From emperors to commoners, they are very concerned about finding the treasure land of geomancy in order to seek the future of the regime or the prosperity of their descendants. The focus of geomancer research has always been how geomancy affects the misfortune of future generations. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Guo Pu was the master of geomantic theory. His Funeral Book has become a representative work of choosing a burial place. The book clarifies the principle of parents' geomancy affecting the destiny of their children and the method of burial. With the prosperity of modern science, some parts of geomancy can gradually establish hypotheses or theories with science, people no longer think that geomancy is a metaphysics but more like environmental science. Chinese funeral culture combines Feng Shui theory, Confucianism, religious background, ethnic customs and other factors, so there are many kinds of funeral methods. These funeral rituals developed along the way also cast the prototype of China's funeral industry. After the founding of New China in 1949, China was faced with the problems of large population and land use allocation, coupled with the huge waste of traditional funeral services and the harm of land occupation for burials. Making funeral reform a must. The materialist ideology pursued by communism just becomes an ideological tool, although it was liberated from the ideological shackles of modern funeral behavior due to practical considerations rather than tradition. However, the conflict in the process of China's funeral reform for more than half a century still highlights the contradiction between the thousand-year-old funeral culture and the funeral policy in the new era. Questions in culture should still be answered in culture. Therefore, the smooth implementation of funeral reform must combine cultural elements of traditional geomantic concepts with new creative designs to meet the ideological trend of the new era. The funeral industry is an extension of the funeral culture, transforming into a cultural and creative industry of funerals can make the funeral industry not only a commercial industry, but also a cultural industry.