探討中國城市商業銀行發展轉型及創新業務

中國金融業的快速發展始於1978年中國大陸對外改革開放，當時金融業發展主要分為兩個部分，第一是國有大型銀行，第二是信用合作社。而到了1985年因中國大陸實行城市與國有企業改革，使信用合作社可對企業和個體工商戶提供金融服務，在此機緣之下，信用合作社對城市改革起了相當大的作用，但信用合作社在當時尚沒有一個立足定位。直到1998年以政策作為主導，中國大陸政府介入各地城市信用合作社加強控管，合併組成城市商業銀行，第一家城商行—深圳市城市合作銀行（現為平安銀行）也因此設立，中國城市商業銀行從此展開了20餘年的快速發展。在這20餘年的發展中，城市商業銀行經歷過中國大陸十二五與十三五對金融業的規劃，而在這一系列金融改革中，城市商業銀行自身發輾轉型，從跨區域發展、上市，到引進戰略投資者等，完成了多元的發展模式。而城市商業銀行如何隨著中國大陸金融政策改變，作出相對的策略，進行不斷的創新與轉型，藉以探討南北最為代表性的城市商業南京銀行及北京銀行作為案例進行對比，以及探討城市商業銀行發展中創新轉型的過程。

關鍵字

城市商業銀行；金融改革；業務轉型

並列摘要

The rapid development of China's financial industry began in 1978 with its reform and opening up to the outside world. At that time, the development of the financial industry was mainly divided into two parts. The first was the large state-owned banks and the second was the credit cooperatives. Due to the reform of cities and state-owned enterprises implemented in mainland China in 1985, credit cooperatives could provide financial services to enterprises and individual industrial. Under such circumstance, credit cooperatives played a significant role in urban reform. However, credit cooperatives at that time could not find a clear position and role. Until 1998, with policy as the dominant factor, the Chinese government intervened in various city credit cooperatives to step up their control and merge the city commercial banks. The first city credit bank, Shenzhen City Cooperation Bank (now Ping An Bank) was started. Since then, China City Commercial Bank has started more than 20 years of rapid development In 20 years of development, urban commercial banks have experienced the planning of the financial industry in mainland China in the 12th and 13th Five-Year Plan period. In this series of financial reforms, urban commercial banks have completed a diversified development model. Under the change of mainland China's financial policy, how the city commercial banks make relative strategies and carry out constant innovation and transformation？Taking City Commercial Bank of Nanjing and Bank of Beijing as examples, which are the most representative city commercial banks in the North and South China. This paper attempts to explore the reasons for the innovation and transformation in the development of city commercial banks.