明代中後期的武器發展與特性

雖說和平是人類文明自古以來所期望的目標，但由於各種因素，不同國家或勢力經常發生衝突，進而導致戰爭爆發，為了使自身所屬群體能夠存活人類創造出了各種武器與組建軍隊用於保衛國土或擴張勢力。在人類歷史幾乎等同戰爭史的情形下，武器發展幾乎成了一個文明勢力以自身需求、擁有的資源與技術最明顯的表現。而在人類歷史上武器也歷經多次型態上的轉變，其中影響最深遠莫過於冷兵器被熱兵器取代的過程。這段時間十分漫長，而中國與歐洲都不約而同地在大約明代中國十六世紀中葉至十七世紀前期處於冷熱兵器並用的時期，加上此時兩地都戰火不斷，武器類別或樣式間的競爭十分激烈，各勢力的多支軍隊都頻繁地汰換或改良武器，確保軍隊的戰力足以應付來自各方的威脅。劇烈的變化使得武器發展歷程中一些一直存在的定律在此階段變得十分明，這些定律也持續至今，對於現代武器發展影響仍在，雖然武器的樣貌已今非昔比，但一樣的發展定律仍將古今連結在一起。這層連結也代表人類對於跟自身不同的群體依然充滿著不信任與不認同，要讓這些武器發展定律減少發揮作用的機會仍是現今人類仍須完成的重要課題。

關鍵字

明代；武器發展史；冷兵器；熱兵器；甲冑

並列摘要

Although peace has been the desired goal of human civilization since ancient times, due to various factors, different countries or forces often conflict, which leads to the outbreak of war. In order to enable their own groups to survive, human beings have created various weapons and formed armies to defend the country. or expand power. In a situation where human history is almost equal to the history of war, the development of weapons has almost become the most obvious manifestation of a civilization's own needs, resources and technologies. In the history of mankind, weapons have undergone many changes in form, and the most far-reaching impact is the process of replacing cold weapons with hot weapons. This period of time is very long, and both China and Europe coincidentally experienced a period of simultaneous use of hot and cold weapons from the middle of the 16th century to the early 17th century in the Ming Dynasty. In addition, the two places were constantly fighting at this time, and there was competition between weapon types or styles. It is very fierce, and multiple armies of various forces have frequently replaced or improved their weapons to ensure that the combat power of the army is sufficient to deal with threats from all sides. The drastic changes have made some of the laws that have always existed in the development of weapons become very clear at this stage. These laws have continued to this day, and their influence on the development of modern weapons is still there. Although the appearance of weapons is not what it used to be, the same development Laws still link the past and the present. This layer of connection also means that human beings are still full of distrust and disapproval of groups different from themselves. It is still an important task that human beings still need to complete today to reduce the chances of these laws of weapon development.