摘要
明代是中國歷代當中相當特殊的一個朝代，蓋因其係推翻少數民族統治而來，而其時間序絡更是位於兩個非漢族王朝的中間，其國勢發展更與近代中國的歷史息息相關。攸關明帝國國勢者，則以其中央軍的設置、演變為最佳之說明寫照。明代中央軍係相對地方軍隊而言，一般稱為「京營」，又稱「京軍」，可以說是明帝國國防軍事力量的主幹，更是全國軍隊精銳的所在。只是，京軍在經歷正統十四年（1449）的土木堡之變後，曾經毀於一旦。後來重建的明帝國中央軍，以于謙創立的「十團營」一度獲得成效，其餘多半都由於人謀不臧，或是占役，或是將帥不得人，而走向衰落的命運。最終，明帝國的國勢就隨著京軍的衰敗而沒落。
並列摘要
The Ming Dynasty is a rather special dynasty among the Chinese dynasties, because it came from the overthrow of the rule of ethnic minorities, and its chronological network is located in the middle of the two non-Han dynasties, and its national development is closely related to the history of modern China. Those who are related to the state of the Ming Empire are best illustrated by the establishment and evolution of the Central Army. Compared with the local military, the central military in the Ming Dynasty was generally called ＂Jīngyíng＂(京營), also known as ＂Jīngjūn ＂(京軍). However, ＂Jīngjūn ＂(京軍) was completely destroyed after the change of the fourteenth year of zhèngtǒng (1449). The ＂Shítuányíng＂(十團營,Ten Regiment Battalion)founded by Yúqiān(于謙), which was later rebuilt, was once successful, and most of the rest fell into decline due to incompetence, occupation, or incompetent generals. The Ming Empire's national power declined with the decline of the ＂Jingjun＂(京軍).
延伸閱讀
- 劉振仁（2023）。明代軍隊職掌再探。全人教育集刊，(10)，58-88。https://doi.org/10.6689/BHE.202306_(10).0003
- 謝瑞華（2011）。中華民國軍隊國家化施行之研究〔碩士論文，淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2011.00952
- 廖和永（1986）。晚清自強運動中軍備之研究。復興崗學報，(36)，451-491。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=04298063-198606-201011250077-201011250077-451-491
- 張宇尚（2023）。明代中後期的武器發展與特性〔碩士論文，淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0002-0602202311312100
- 葉淑萍（2008）。The research of premier Yang Tinghe in the middle period of Ming Dynasty〔碩士論文，國立中央大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0031-0207200917351958