以CoAP/IPv6/BLE協議堆疊為基礎的物聯網應用實作

Implementation of IoT Applications based on CoAP/IPv6/BLE Protocol Stack

章家軒(Chia-Hsuan Chang)

指導教授 ： 林其誼

淡江大學/工學院/資訊工程學系碩士班/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2017.00207

摘要

隨著物聯網（IoT）的快速發展，萬物連網已成為必然趨勢並衍生出如工業4.0、智慧家居、智慧醫療等各種智慧化服務。為了使這些智慧IoT服務確實可行，最重要的一點是能有一個可以與各種上層網路協議相容的低功耗鏈結層技術。當今已有許多流行的低功耗無線傳輸技術像是ZigBee和藍牙低功耗（Bluetooth Low Energy）應用在物聯網中。為了在ZigBee上運行IPv6，在2007年，IETF RFC 4944已經提出了藉由IEEE 802.15.4網路傳輸IPv6封包。相較之下，直到2010年 BLE才被作為藍牙4.0規範當中的一部分。由於現在 BLE 智慧型手機無所不在，BLE 近期在物聯網中得到了極大的關注。在2015年年底，IETF 也提出了一個RFC 7668標準來運行IPv6 over BLE。
在本研究中，我們的目標是使用Raspberry Pi 3和nRF51-DK開發板來實現IPv6 over BLE 的環境，並在IPv6/BLE 協議堆疊的基礎上運行 CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol)應用協議。更具體來說，在我們的實驗環境中，每個BLE節點都支援IPv6位址並且可以在網路上的任何地方透過CoAP通訊協議進行數據交換。此外，為了簡化一般網頁瀏覽器的訪問，我們還實現了一個接受HTTP請求並將其轉換為CoAP請求的BLE 閘道器設備。此閘道器設備還被設計為定期請求傳感器數據，然後將數據轉發到IoT雲平台。實驗結果顯示我們的系統可以運行並且易於使用。在未來，我們希望能構建一個由BLE和ZigBee設備組成的IoT系統，並分別測試其在網路層和應用層之間的互通性。

關鍵字

物聯網 ； IPv6 ； BLE ； 6LoWPAN ； CoAP

並列摘要

With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT), it is an inevitable trend that all things will get connected to the Internet to form various intelligent services such as Industry 4.0, smart home, smart medical care, etc. To make such intelligent IoT services practicable, it is vital to have a low-power link-layer technology that can accommodate a variety of upper-layer networking protocols. Currently, there are many popular low-power wireless technologies for IoT such as ZigBee and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). To run IPv6 over ZigBee, in 2007 IETF RFC 4944 Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 Networks has already been proposed. By contrast, BLE was introduced until 2010 as part of Bluetooth 4.0 specification. Because of the ubiquity of BLE-enabled smartphones nowadays, BLE has gained much attention in the IoT industry recently. In late 2015, IETF also proposed a standard RFC 7668 to run IPv6 over BLE.
In this research, we aim at implementing IPv6 over BLE using Raspberry Pi 3 and nRF51-DK development boards, and then run the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) over the stack of IPv6/BLE. Specifically, in our experimental system every BLE node is IPv6-addressable and accessible through the CoAP protocol from anywhere over the Internet. Moreover, to ease the accesses from ordinary web browsers, we also implemented a BLE gateway device that accepts HTTP requests and translates them into CoAP requests. The gateway device is also designed to routinely request sensor data and then forward the data to an IoT cloud platform. Experimental results showed that our system is workable and easy to use. In the future, we would like to build an IoT system consisting of both BLE and ZigBee devices, and test their interoperability at the network layer and the application layer, respectively.

並列關鍵字

Internet of Things ； IPv6 ； BLE ； 6LoWPAN ； CoAP

參考文獻

[5] RFC6550, IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy networks, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6550, last accessed Apr.10, 2017.

[14] Praveen Kumar Kamma, Cheenakeshava Reddy Palla, Usha Rani Nelakuditi, ”Design and implementation of 6LoWPAN border router” 2016 13th

[15] Wondeuk Yoon, Kiwoong Kwon, Minkeun Ha, Daeyoung Kim, “Transfer IPv6 packets over Bluetooth Low Energy with ensuring emergency data transmission” 2016 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE), PP136-141, 2016.

參考文獻

[1] 市調機構IDC預測, http://www.digitimes.com.tw/iot/article.asp?cat=130&id=0000496883_io57txre9zty8d284supe, last accessed Apr.10, 2017.