體素概念之離散設計製造研究

在工業3.0的背景之下，機械設備的精準化與自動化，減少了人為影響之施工誤差，而數位工具的出現與應用，更是改變建築的生產方式，從以往的現場施工，轉變為工廠加工。工業4.0設備智慧化及演算法的出現，讓數位工具不僅是一種改善生產效率的方式，更是一種設計思考的方式。體素作為一種資訊與圖像的表現形式，於1920年代開始應用於建築概念及空間策略，以離散化的方式思考空間組構之可能性。在體素的觀念下，是否同樣能將建築作為一種資訊，結合現代數位工具之演算與生成，以離散化的方式進行設計與製造，並且提供一種新的空間思考與生產模式，成為了本研究所要探討之主題。本研究主要分為三個部分，分別是體素操作、體素之建築設計與應用，以及離散數位製造之嘗試與分析。第三章基於體素的形態及相關參數工具之熟悉，由正交到非正交體素之聚合，來探討在相同量體之框架下，不同體素單元表達之可能性與連接方式，並藉由規則及場域的設定，控制不同單元之分佈與生長方式。在掌握體素的形態與規則後，第四章以真實基地作為建築尺度應用之想像，應用環境周遭形式，作為單元形態定義之參考，在非模矩化的空間中，以體素模矩化的方式，進行空間設計與填充。以小、中、大三種尺度的體素單元與設計，來探討體素如何以系統性的概念，透過不同組成方式，成為牆、柱、樓梯等不同建築元件。第五章針對製造效率與準確性，設計由密迪板組成之單元，並且在單元的製造與優化過程中，分別設計了1：1凳子與1：2涼亭。透過組裝的過程，整理出離散製造過程中所面臨的問題，並提出由設計端到製造端之後續研究建議。離散製造在實際面仍有許多待解決的問題以及尺度上的限制，這種建築單元化與演算的過程，開始讓設計形態由過去由上而下的設計思維，轉變成由下而上的方式，生成出以往我們無法想像的空間與組構方式。在三維列印等桌上型數位工具普及化與功能種類日益漸增的趨勢下，設計不僅逐漸能以個人操作的方式完成製造與組裝，也使建築有機會以更多元、離散化的方式生產。

關鍵字

體素；設計方法；離散；單元化；電腦輔助設計

並列摘要

In the context of Industry 3.0, the precision and automation of mechanical equipment have reduced the construction error caused by humans, and the release and application of digital tools have changed the construction mode of buildings from the previous site construction into factory processing. The intellectualization of equipment and algorithms in Industry 4.0 has made digital tools not just a way to improve productivity, but a way to think about design. As a form of information and image representation, Voxel has been applied to architectural concepts and spatial strategies since the 1920s to consider the possibility of spatial organization discretely. Under the concept of Voxel, architecture also is regarded as a kind of information, calculated and generated by modern digital tools, designed and manufactured discretely, and provide a new model of spatial thinking and construction, which has been the subject of this study. This study is divided into three parts, namely voxel manipulation, voxel architecture design and application, and attempt and analysis of discrete digital fabrication. Based on the knowledge of voxel morphology and related parameters as well as the aggregation of orthogonal to non-orthogonal voxel, Chapter III explores the possibility of expressing and connecting different voxel units in the framework of the same volume and controls the distribution and development of different units by setting rules and fields. After mastering the pattern and rules of voxels, Chapter IV takes the real site as the imagination of architectural scale application, applies the surrounding environment as the reference for the definition of unit pattern, and designs and fills the space in a non-modularized space with the voxel modeling. Small, medium and large volume units and designs are applied to explore how voxels can be applied as different architectural components such as walls, columns, and staircases through different composition methods with a systematic concept. Chapter V aiming at the manufacturing efficiency and accuracy, the unit composed of Medium Density Fiberboard is designed, and in the process of manufacturing and optimizing the unit, 1:1 stool and 1:2 pavilion respectively. The problems in discrete fabrication are sorted out during assembly, and the suggestions for further research from design end to fabrication end are put forward. There are still many problems to be solved in the discrete fabrication practice and the limitation of the scale. This process of architectural unitization and calculation has changed the top-down design concept to bottom-up design and generated space and organization that we could not imagine before. With the popularization of desktop digital tools such as 3D printing and the increasing functions, not only the manufacturing and assembly can be gradually completed in a manipulated manner, but also the design allows constructing architectures more diversely and discretely.