中國大陸人口高齡化之影響與因應政策

本文採用「次級資料分析法」與「文獻分析法」探討中國大陸人口高齡化政策之研究議題，中國人均預期壽命在2019年已經達到77.3歲，城鎮居民人均預期壽命更高，已經超過了80歲，預計「十四五」期間（2021-2025），中國的老年人口將超過3億人，從輕度老齡化進入到中度老齡化階段，這樣的變化對經濟社會的發展影響深遠。隨著老年平均年齡的增長，老年人的身體機能也逐漸衰退，而老年人對於照護的依賴性也逐漸增加，需要他人持續提供照護也是極度需要醫療服務的群體，但中國大陸對於養老方面所需一切的保障制度並不完善，導致老齡化社會產生更多相對應的社會問題，因此本文將從中國大陸人口發展歷程出發，探討「中國大陸人口老化」帶來的影響及未來的政策應變。

關鍵字

人口老化；人口政策；養老政策

並列摘要

This article uses the "secondary data analysis method" and "document analysis method" to discuss the research topics of population aging policy in China. The average life expectancy in China has reached 77.3 years in 2019, and the average life expectancy of urban residents is even higher, exceeding 80. It is estimated that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period (2021-2025), China's elderly population will exceed 300 million people, from mild aging to moderate aging. Such changes will have a profound impact on economic and social development. With the increase of the average age of the elderly, the physical function of the elderly is gradually declining, and the dependence of the elderly on care is also gradually increasing. The need for continuous care is also a group that desperately needs medical services. All security systems are not perfect, leading to more corresponding social problems in an aging society. Therefore, this article will start from the population development process in mainland China to discuss the impact of "population aging in mainland China" and future policy responses.