中國大陸專利法之研究

智慧財產權成為中美貿易戰的核心問題之一，中國大陸目前正在加快推進專利法的第4次修改，積極引入侵權懲罰性賠償制度。中國大陸專利法於1984年通過，歷經1992年、2000年以及2008年等三次修正。 1984年3月12日，六屆全國人大常委會第四次會議通過《中華人民共和國專利法》，並於來年4月1日正式實施，至此，由法律承認發明創造可以成為一種無形財產，使科技創新從此有了法律保障，形成了對發明創造的國家獎勵與專利的雙軌制。第一次專利修法，其目的是為了落實深化改革與擴大開放，並且履行與美國知識產權談判的承諾；1992年進行《專利法》的第一次修訂，主要是為了履行在中美兩國達成的知識產權備忘錄中的承諾，並達到落實深化改革、擴大開放之目的。第二次修法主要目的是為了符合與貿易有關之智慧財產權協定（Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights）以加入世界貿易組織（World Trade Organization, WTO）第三次修法在於符合提高自主創新能力且建設創新型國家之知識產權戰略目標，並且因應最新國際規範進行必要修改。第三次專利法修正方向可歸納為以下三點：一符合激勵自主創新、提高自主創新能力的要求；二促進技術推廣應用；三根據國際公約、特別是中國大陸加入 WTO 後國際公約的新規定，對現行專利法進行修改。

關鍵字

專利法；修法歷程；法制架構

並列摘要

Intellectual property rights have become one of the core issues in America and China trade war. China is currently accelerating the fourth revision of the Patent Law and actively introducing the punitive damages system. Patent Law of China was passed in 1984 and has been amended three times in 1992, 2000 and 2008. On March 12, 1984, the Fourth Session of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress passed the Patent Law of the People's Republic of China, which was officially implemented on April 1 of the following year. At this point, the invention recognizes that invention and creation can become an intangible property. Since then, scientific and technological innovation has been legally guaranteed, and a dual-track system of national rewards and patents for inventions has been formed. The first revision was designed to implement deepening reforms and expanding openness, and fulfilling the commitment to negotiate with the US intellectual property rights. The first revision of the Patent Law in 1992 was mainly to fulfill the agreement between China and the United States. The commitments in the intellectual property memorandum have reached the goal of deepening reform and opening up. The second revision is to comply with the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights to join the World Trade Organization (WTO). The third revision is to meet the intellectual property strategic objectives of improving the capacity for independent innovation and building an innovative country, and make necessary modifications in response to the latest international norms. The direction of the third revision can be summarized into the following three points: the first is to the requirements of stimulating independent innovation and improving the ability of independent innovation; the second is to promote the promotion and application of technology; and the third is based on international conventions, especially the new provisions of the international conventions after China’s accession to the WTO.