串連交通事故資料庫與健保資料庫探討高齡機車騎士事故受傷嚴重性之影響因素

Data Linkage of Traffic Crash Datasets and Hospital Datasets for Investigating Influential factors Affecting Injury Severity of Aged Motorcyclists

張瑞予(Jui-Yu Chang)

指導教授 ： 陳菀蕙

淡江大學/商管學院/運輸管理學系運輸科學碩士班/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2020.00263

摘要

Vision Zero願景希望在零死亡的目標下希望能夠降低死亡與嚴重重傷的人數。但是我國過去對於交通事故受傷嚴重性的相關研究多採用內政部警政署交通事故資料庫定義為24小時內死亡，其分級也無法確切地得知台灣嚴重事故之態樣為何。因此，本研究需重新分類受傷嚴重性等級，死亡定義採用國際之「30日內死亡」的定義。台灣也於2017年進入高齡化社會，且高齡者機車事故嚴重，亟需改善。本研究串連民國101年至民國105年衛生福利部之交通事故資料庫與多重死因統計資料與住院資料，將交通事故受傷嚴重性分為30日內死亡、住院、受傷與未受傷四個等級，也利用多重死因欄位與診斷碼欄位進行受傷部位分析。由初步分析結果可知高齡機車駕駛在85歲以上、男性、未戴安全帽、飲酒情形未超過呼氣0.15mg/L標準、對撞、閃光號誌路口、省道與夜間無照明情況、頭部或胸腹部受傷為受傷嚴重性較高之類別。本研究亦建立羅吉斯特迴歸模式探討高齡者機車騎士是否30日內死亡之重要影響因素，由模式結果了解降低受傷嚴重性應重視機車駕駛的酒駕、闖紅燈、讓車、未戴安全帽等問題。降低高齡者機車騎士受傷嚴重性提出相關改善對策，包含每年於省道確實執法，以嚇阻機車騎士行駛速度過快的情形；宣導正確配戴安全帽的觀念與方式；飲酒切勿僥倖上路；夜間無照明路段注意車前狀態等。在各路型部分，號誌化路口應依規定左轉，注意側撞及路口交叉撞事故；路段部分注意變換車道與對撞事故，閃光號誌路口則要加強正確路權觀念。

關鍵字

資料串連 ； 交通事故 ； 死亡 ； 受傷

並列摘要

The zero deaths vision of Vision Zero is established in the hope of decreasing the number of deaths and the serious injured. However, in the past, the relevant studies regarding traffic accident injury severity in Taiwan used current definition, death within 24 hours after accidents, of traffic crash datasets proposed by National Police Agency when it comes to injury severity scales. And such scales cannot provide precise information about the modality of serious accidents occurring in Taiwan. Therefore, the injury severity scales will be redefined and the international definition of death, that is, death within 30 days of the accident, will be used instead in this study. In 2017, Taiwan officially became an aged society. In addition, the motorcycle accidents caused by the elderly are extremely serious, and the improvement is thus needed. The traffic crash datasets, statistical data of multiple cause of death and the hospitalisation data from 2012 to 2016 are linked in this study. The traffic injury severity scales are divided into four scales, including death within 30 days of the accident, hospitalized, injured and uninjured. What’s more, the column of multiple cause of death and that of ICD codes are used to analyses the injured body parts. According to the result of initial analysis, aged motorcyclists tend to have more serious injury severity when the features are age over 85, male, without wearing a helmet, under 0.15 BAC, head-on collisions, flashing traffic signalized intersection, provincial highway and without night lighting. The Logistic Regression Model are used to see if aged motorcyclists are the influential factor in whether death within 30 days of the accident. According to the model results, it is shown that «driving under the influence of alcohol», «running a red light», «failure to yield», «without wearing a helmet» and other problems should be paid more attention to decrease the injury severity of motorcycle accidents. It is necessary to decrease the injury severity of aged motorcyclists and propose relevant improvement strategies, including realizing law enforcement on provincial highway every year to deter motorcyclists from riding too fast, publicizing the correct concept and way to wear a helmet, preventing people from riding motorcycles after drinking, paying attention to the front of vehicle at night without lighting, etc. It is shown that, for each road type, «improper left turns», «side collisions» and «intersection collisions» shall be paid more attention on signalized intersections, and that «improper lane change» and «head-on collisions» shall be paid more attention on road sections. On flashing traffic signalized intersections, however, it is important to focus on the right of way.

並列關鍵字

data linkage ； traffic crash ； death ； injury

參考文獻

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