歐洲聯盟長期失業問題與社會投資政策

歐盟在四大自由流通與經濟全球化的影響下，因為失業與貧困產生的社會排除問題(Social exclusion)，迫使舊有的福利體系失靈，會員國開始意識到必須在歐盟的層級來共同推動政策，改善社會排除的問題，最初是由社會政策來推動，後來因成效的問題開始以就業政策的方式進行，目的都是希望透過就業改善貧窮。但在經濟危機後，失業人數創下歷史新高，歐盟希望以歐盟2020策略(Europe 2020 Strategy)，將社會與就業政策轉為社會投資的方式，希望能在未來十年促進就業增長、降低失業人口總數，並提升20-74歲間，歐盟總體勞動人口的就業率至75%，先以社會投資包裹促進人口結構與政策結構改革，就業率有明顯的上升，但不久即開始趨緩，歐盟意識到長期失業人口是失業人口總數的一半，解決長期失業才能有效提升就業率，所以提出新的歐洲技能議程，透過職業與教育培訓和公共就業服務的方式，整合資源投資於人力資本，以降低陷入就業排除的風險。

關鍵字

歐盟就業排除；歐盟就業政策；歐盟社會投資

並列摘要

Under the influence of the Four Freedoms and economic growth of the European Union, the social exclusion problem caused by unemployment and poverty has led to the failure of the old welfare system. Member States have to jointly promote policies at the EU level and improved the problem of social exclusion was promoted by social policies. Later, due to the effectiveness, it began to be implemented in the form of employment policies. The goal was to reduce poverty through employment. However, after the economic crisis, the unemployment rate has become much higher than ever. The European Union hopes to use the EU 2020 strategy to transform social and employment policies into social investment. It hopes to augment the employment growth in the next decade and to reduce the unemployment rate while increasing the employment rate between the ages of 20 to 74 years old to 75%. Social investment package tried to reform the population and policy structure. The employment rate has increased significantly. However, it has gradually grown slowly. The EU considered that the long-term unemployment people are 50% of the total unemployment people of the EU.The European Union has to solve the long-term unemployment in order to enhance the employment rate. Therefore, a new European skills agenda is proposed, which integrates resources and investment in human capital through “vocational education and training” and “public employment services” to reduce the risk of falling into an employment exclusion.