日本的大學評鑑制度之研究

日本的大學評鑑制度於1991年由行政命令「大學設置基準」規定實施自我評鑑以後，展開制度化地實施。當時雖然只是藉由行政命令規定，卻是由政府政策所主導評鑑的開端。至2002「學校教育法」修訂後，規定2004年起大學每7年必須實施認證評鑑制度，因此從2004年4月起，接受評鑑成為大學的義務。本論文採文獻分析法，內容包含戰後（1945年以後）日本的大學評鑑之發展情形，特別是以1991年以後大學評鑑制度化的實施到目前認證評鑑的發展過程為重點。研究的目的在於釐清戰後日本的大學評鑑發展，特別是現行的認證評鑑制度的內容特徵和問題點。本研究歸納出日本的大學評鑑發展與認證評鑑制度的特色，分別如下所述。一日本的大學評鑑發展特色：（一）各階段的評鑑發展重點不同。（二）政府規制愈來愈寬鬆，評鑑實施的要求愈來愈緊。（三）以美國的認可制為模仿對象。（四）多元化的評鑑實施，促進大學特色的發展。二認證評鑑的特色：（一）類似美國的認可制。（二）校務評鑑先行，學門評鑑有待加強。（三）大學自行選擇評鑑團體接受評鑑。另外，對於依據本研究成果，對台灣實施大學評鑑時的建議：（一）確立評鑑體制並且定時實施評鑑。（二）鼓勵學術機構或是各領域學會成立評鑑機構。（三）促進各類型評鑑的建立，鼓勵大學發展特色。

關鍵字

日本；大學評鑑；認證評鑑；第三者評鑑

並列摘要

Since 1991, the amendment to “ The Standards for the Establishment of Universities” has regulated universities to implement the ‘self-study, self-evaluation system’. This was the initiatives of systematical university evaluation in Japan. In 2002, the revised “School Education Law” established the accreditation system that all universities are obligated to received an evaluation conducted by a evaluation agency with the authorization of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology at least once every seven years. This study, by means of the method of document analysis, aims to explore the historical development of Japanese university evaluation system and the features and problems of the current ninsyo-hyoka accreditation system . The study is divided into five chapters. The first chapter begins with an introduction of this research, including the motive, purposes, methods and documents review. The second chapter focuses on the meaning and necessities of higher education evaluation. The third and fourth chapters are the analysis of the historical development of Japanese university evaluation system and an introduction to the current evaluation agencies. The last chapter is the summary of conclusion and suggestion .