中國體育制度之建立與發展

中華人民共和國自1949年成立以來，中國為實現社會主義國家的目標，學習蘇聯國家政策發展的基礎。在引進蘇聯的體制下，中央政府控制所有的體育相關業務發展。在50年代加強群眾體育的普及和競技體育是兩個共同的目標，通過中央領導在這兩個領域的舉國體制於是形成。但在1962年的全國體育會議中提出的要領，體育事業的重心朝向以競技體育政策傾斜。 1966年的文化大革命使得整個體育推展被迫暫停，自1970年開始體育事業才逐步恢復，從1971年的乒乓外交打破了中國在國際政治上的孤立，同時，中國的體育組織也得到了世界各單項運動組織的同意回到國際組織。通過競技體育這種方式中國政府還進而發揮了體育商業的重大貢獻，在中國強調的是競技體育的日益流行與體育的推廣。 1979年，中國正式重返國際奧林匹克委員會並決定參加1980年莫斯科奧運會。此外，中國已經結束了文化大革命並於1978年提出改革開放政策，在1979年討論的體育事業的改革，以在奧運會獲得成果達到世界水平為目標。在1980年的制定的競技體育優先政策是以1950體育舉國體制成立為背景，同時反省1950年代後半大躍進運動，1970年代的文化大革命後期，1978年改革開放政策實施加上1979國際奧林匹克委員會會籍的恢復等事件過程使得競技體育優先復活後對國家做除持續的貢獻。中國從80年代開始，終身學習時代和健康的身體培養作為人類素質的提高。然而，實際上傳統的“體育政策”與“學校體育目標”密切相關，在本研究中，同時將體育政策和體能發展目標的改革過程做出觀察。

關鍵字

體育政策；競技體育；學校體育

並列摘要

This study is overview of the People's Republic of China (PRC)has been established in 1949, China has learned the basis of the development of the Soviet state policy in order to achieve the goal of the socialist state. Under the introduction of the Soviet system, the central government controls all sports-related development. In the 1950s, the popularization inpublic sports and competitive sports were two common goals, and the national leadership system in these two fields was formed through the central leadership. However, in the 1962 National Sports Conference, the focus of the sports industry is tilted towards the competitive sports policy. The Cultural Revolution of 1966 caused the entire sports promotion to be suspended. Since 1970, the sports industry has gradually recovered. From ping pong diplomacy in 1971, China’s international political isolation has been broken. At the same time, China sports organizations have also received The consent of the individual sports organization returned to international organizations. Through competitive sports, the China government has further played a major contribution to sports business. In China, the emphasis is on the increasing popularity of competitive sports and the promotion of sports. In 1979, China officially returned to the International Olympic Committee and decided to participate in the 1980 Moscow Olympics. In addition, China has ended the Cultural Revolution and proposed a policy of reform and opening up in 1978. The reform of the sports industry discussed in 1979 aims to achieve top results in the Olympic Games. In 1980, the competitive sports priority policy was established in the context of the establishment of the 1950 Sports National System, while reflecting on the second half of the Great Leap Forward Movement of the 1950s, the late 1970s Cultural Revolution, the implementation of the 1978 Reform and Opening Policy, and the membership of the 1979 International Olympic Committee. The process of recovery and other events has made the competitive sports a priority after the resurrection. From the 1980s China has adopted the idea of lifelong learning, One of the goals of physical educationhas been to foster good health and all-round ability in people, However, in facthere is a close relationshipbetween traditional sports policy and this more recent aims forphysicaleducation. In this study I examine historical changes in sports policy and the aims of physicaleducation in China.This study is clarify the relationship between them, and related problems, from the viewpoint of physicaldevelopmentand its policyof reformation.