金屬材料之數位構築與數位製造

Metal Tectonics in Digital Fabrication

束道衛(Tao-Wei Shu)

指導教授 ： 陳珍誠

淡江大學/工學院/建築學系碩士班/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2015.00311

摘要

著時間的演進，進步的建築材料加工技術日新月異，由傳統的大規模工廠生產到數位製造實驗室中客製化的少量製造，新穎的金屬數位加工機具帶給我們更方便的製造與生產方式。本研究嘗試以金屬板材做為材料，研究如何藉由數位與製造簡化傳統工廠中的製造人力與加工技術。

研究初期選用三種傳統的金屬加工技術，再以電腦去模擬出加工後具結構性的金屬型態，這使得原本只是輕薄的金屬板材，能夠被製成為可以受力的元件。單元接合，將重複的單元組裝成一較大型之結構體；單元膨脹，藉由壓力去改變金屬外形，使自體產生結構支撐力；單元翻折，平面單元折成三維形體，讓單元本身結構更加強勁。金屬薄板材在加工過後，可被改變外觀與形態，使得自體能夠成為獨立的結構單元。

研究中期開始設計實體的傢俱與建築元件組構，利用電腦繪圖軟體繪製電腦模型，接著將設計元件以數位製造機具加工後，加以組合以實踐小尺度傢俱與構造的建構。最後在2015宜蘭綠色博覽會中以實際大小實現展示亭設計，在真實空間中建構需要考量材料預算、結構強度與施工技術等問題。由三維電腦模型放大到一比一的空間尺度時，會產生得在許多工地現場臨時應變與解決的問題，突發的問題往往是設計階段所不會考量到的，需要以建築的知識與經驗來解決這些狀況。

本論文研究對於金屬板材的數位製造以及技術進行實踐上可行性的探索，有別金屬板材傳統上經由工廠加工製造的做法，討論個人是否能以參數化設計與數位製造技術獨立完成。傳統金屬技術與數位設計與製造相結合，降低了進入金屬產品設計與生產的門檻，並可產生更多元有趣的金屬結構型態。

關鍵字

金屬 ； 客製化 ； 數位設計 ； 數位製造 ； 展示亭 ； 參數化設計

並列摘要

As time passes, improved processing technology of construction material changes quickly. From traditional large-scale factory production to a small amount of customization fabrication in digital fabrication laboratory, novel metal digital processing machines and tools bring us more convenient fabrication and production modes. This research tries to take metal sheet as material to study how to simplify fabrication labor and processing technology of traditional factories by using digital fabrication.
In initial stage of the research, it selects 3 types of traditional metal processing technologies and uses computer to simulate different metal structures, which makes original light and thin metal sheet able to be fabricated to be components capable of bearing force. Unit joint assembles repeated units into a large structural body; unit expansion changes metal outline through pressure to make the body generate structural supporting force; unit folding folds plane unit to three-dimensional shape, to strengthen the unit structure. Appearance and shape of thin metal sheet can be changed through processing, to make the body able to become independent structure unit.
In the middle stage of research, it starts to design combination of physical furniture and construction elements and utilizes computer graphics software to draw computer model. After processing the design components by using the digital fabrication machines and tools, it combines them to practice construction of small-size furniture and pavilion. Finally, in 2015 Yilan Green Expo, it realized pavilion design in actual size. In physical space, construction shall consider material budget, structural strength, construction technology, etc. When it is magnified to 1:1 spatial scale by three-dimensional computer model, it will generate many problems that must be responded and solved in construction site. Emergency problems are usually ignored in design stage, which shall be solved through construction knowledge and experience.
This research explores practical feasibility of metal sheet in terms of the digital fabrication and technology. Different from the traditional fabrication of metal sheet in factory, it discusses whether individual can finish it in parametric design and digital fabrication independently. The combination of traditional metal technology and digital design and fabrication reduces the efforts for design and fabrication of metal products, which can also produce more diversified and interesting metal structural shapes.

並列關鍵字

Metal ； Customization ； Digital Design ； Digital Fabrication ； Pavilion ； Parametric Design

參考文獻

Alexander Tzonis

Chris Anderson

Rob Thompson

Lisa Iwamoto

Architecture Press.