智利高等教育發展之研究(1990-迄今)

Studies of the Development of the Higher Education System in Chile (1990-now)

郭怡君(Yi-Chun Kuo)

指導教授 ： 王秀琦

淡江大學/國際研究學院/美洲研究所碩士班/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2014.00501

摘要

教育是提升人民生活水平的根本，藉由知識的薰陶與洗禮，替自己創造更多的生存價值。再者，「高等教育」是培養個人專長最關鍵的階段，由於「智利」是眾多拉美國度當中，高等教育發展首屈一指之國家，所以，本文首要重點，先是剖析軍政府針對該國高等教育實施「新自由主義」後所產生之影響，接著討論1980年首波高等教育改革之內容與成果。

然而，智利高等教育改革之成果卻是不盡人意，因為教育資源與經費之不當分配，導致教育品質愈加低落，促使該國高等教育機構逐漸走向「營利」之路，更讓「所得分配不均」所產生之學生擇校現象加劇。因此，本文將討論智利「所得分配」所帶來之影響，並詳述90年代民主政府為了解決當前問題，進一步提出相關的解決政策與方針，以及該國學子對高等教育體制不滿的心聲與訴求，最後則針對教育改革成效做一精闢的探討。

關鍵字

智利 ； 高等教育 ； 所得分配不均 ； 教育資源 ； 教育改革

並列摘要

“Education” is the basic way to enhance the living standard, and everyone adds his value by learning the endless knowledge. Besides, “Higher Education” is the most important period to accumulate the professional talents and values. Also Chile is the most outstanding country to develop the high education system in all of Latin America especially. Therefore, the first point to discuss in this thesis is the effect after pushing the “Neoliberalism” to the higher education by Chile's military government in 1970, and discussing the contents and outcomes of the first higher educational reform in 1980.

However, the results of higher educational reform in Chile didn't meet with the forecast. Because of the inadequate distribution about educational resources and budget, the educational quality got worse, also made the higher institutions be the profiteer. Hence, this thesis would discuss the influence by the income distribution inequality, and discuss the detail about the educational policy and reform to cease this worse situation by Chile’s democracy government in 1990, meanwhile, expounding the reasons and appeals of student’s movement. Finally, giving specific conclusions to this thesis.

並列關鍵字

Chile ； Higher Education ； Income Distribution Inequality ； Educational Resource ； Educational Reform

參考文獻

3.Center for Higher Education (CHE), http://www.che.de/cms/?getObject=302&getLang=en.

4.Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2004.html.

5.Checci Daniele, The Economics of Education: Human Capital, Family Background and Inequality, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

6.Chovanec, Donna M. and Benitez, Alexandra, “The Penguin Revolution in Chile: Exploring Intergenerational Learning in Social Movements”, Journal of Contemporary Issues in Education, University of Alberta, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2008, pp. 39-57.

10.Cristian, Cabalin, “Neoliberal Education and Student Movements in Chile: inequalities and malaise”, Policy Futures in Education, United Kingdom: Symposium Journals, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2012, pp. 219-228.