- 學位論文
解析藝術社群在社區的發展與實踐 －美國北費城社區探討社區經營的個案比較分析
Analyzing the Glocal Art Communities in Development and Practice－A Comparative Case Study on the Community in North Philadelphia
摘要
藝術文化交流成為全球普遍的共識，即承認文化相互交流發展作為人類永續發展的利基。在文化全球化的趨勢，藝術交流的活動，賦予了人與地方再對話的可能性，多文文化蓬勃發展背景，讓藝術家對於創作的認知，從個人走向對社會的關懷，延伸出對於公共事務的關切。公共藝術的創新思考成為學者、社會運動家所熱衷討論的課題。公共藝術的呈現方式與目的，隨著時代變遷而有所改變。時至今日，新類型的公共藝術廣泛地被賦予著最重要的使命，即是讓人們所居住的生活環境更美好。 以北費城社區做為藝術社群的個案比較研究，以其發展過程與經營的境況，探討地方社區轉變；藝術家及藝術組織對於當地的影響，該角色所扮演的功能性，透過組織化經營，規劃適宜的社區空間，改善當地社區現況：閒置空間再利用，社區教育功能、社區機能更新等。說明了這些措舉如何填補了以往政治、經濟所闕漏的功能，成為社區發展成功的案例。 藝術行動改善空間、環境等硬體條件，同時形塑出無形的地方文化，以研究個案作為理想的發展情境，進一步探討從地方與官方兩者間對於藝術進入社區的操作思維，參酌藝術家、社區藝術組織及政府部門這三者間對於藝術進入社區之看法，說明社區發展之四個可能情境，提供日後社區發展的參考，添增未來研究的討論。
並列摘要
The international exchange of art and culture had already become one of the global common consensuses, identifying cultural exchange as the basis of sustainable development. Globalization of culture and exchanges of art enabled the re-conversation between people and society. The blooming multi-culture made the artists change their perception of creation from personal understanding to social concern, and even extend to consideration of the public. Moreover, the creative thinking of public art became a widely discussed issue between scholars and social activists. As time changed, the way and goal to present public art also gradually changed. Today, new genre public art had been endued with an important mission—making a better living environment. Take North Philadelphia community as a case study for comparison of art community, studying the transformation of local community from its development and management. The influence of artists and art organization would also be included in this study, in order to understand the function of their roles, and how they manage a suitable communal space, improve local community, reuse the vacant space, and renew the community functions such as education. This study would explain how these measures fulfilled the demands that political and economic policies couldn’t satisfy, and thus to became a successful case of community development. Art movement improved the hardware conditions like spaces and environments. At the same time it shaped the intangible local culture. Taking case study as an ideal scenario for development, this study further observed the practical thoughts of how arts entered the communities from aspects of local and official agents with the concern of view points from artists, communal art organizations and the governments. Finally, this study provided four possible scenarios for community development and related discussion for further studies.